Is breakfast consumption related to mental distress and academic performance in adolescents?
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between mental distress, academic performance and regular breakfast consumption across gender and immigration status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. Two four-page questionnaires were filled in during two school sessions. SETTING: All junior high schools in Oslo, Norway using the classroom as the setting for the study. SUBJECTS: All 10th grade students 15-16 years olds in 2000 and 2001. Of 8316 eligible students, 7343 (88.3%) participated in the study. RESULTS: All immigrant groups, except the Western countries group, are skipping breakfast more often than Norwegian students, and girls more often than boys (27 versus 19%). After adjustment for possible confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for being mentally distressed when eating breakfast seldom/never compared with every day was 3.0 (2.0-4.5) for boys, 1.6 (1.2-2.1) for girls and 1.6 (1.5-2.6) for the immigrant group. The comparable OR for having low school grades was similar for boys and girls, 2.0 (1.3-3.0), and 1.6 (1.5-2.6) for the immigrant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Skipping breakfast is a common feature among 10th grade students. The implications of skipping breakfast on mental distress and academic performance are stronger for boys than girls and stronger for Norwegians compared with immigrants.
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- Authors
- Lien, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Lien, Lars
- ORCID
- Lien, Lars
- Venue
- Public Health Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 422-428
- ISSN
- 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2727
- OpenAlex
- W2155990011
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universitetet i Oslo
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- breakfast skipping, psychological distress, academic performance, adolescents, immigrant students, gender differences, school grades, junior high school students, dietary habits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eating, Educational Status, Emigration and Immigration, Female, Humans, Male, Norway, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Students, Odds Ratio, Sex Distribution
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