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Cited by 124Iron Metabolism and DisordersNeurological diseases and metabolismFerroptosis and cancer prognosis

Iron-regulatory proteins: molecular biology and pathophysiological implications

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Cairo, Gaetano, Recalcati, Stefania·2007·Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s1462399407000531PMC PMC2811384
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Abstract

Iron is required for key cellular functions, and there is a strong link between iron metabolism and important metabolic processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis and inflammation. Diseases that are directly or indirectly related to iron metabolism represent major health problems. Iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 are key controllers of vertebrate iron metabolism and post-transcriptionally regulate expression of the major iron homeostasis genes. Here we discuss how dysregulation of the IRP system can result from both iron-related and unrelated effectors and explain how this can have important pathological consequences in several human disorders.

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  • Iron plays an important role in metabolic processes including O2 transport, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation and energy production, xenobiotic metabolism, DNA synthesis, cell growth, apoptosis, gene regulation and inflammation.

    “Therefore, iron plays an important role in metabolic processes including O 2 transport, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation and energy production, xenobiotic metabolism, DNA synthesis, cell growth, apoptosis, gene regulation and inflammation (Zhang and Enns, 2006;Cairo and Recalcati, 2007;He et al., 2007;Outten and Theil, 2009;Wang and Pantopoulos, 2011).”

    From Iron, Oxidative Stress and Health (2012) · cites this paper as Cairo and Recalcati, 2007

    The Abstract (page unavailable) links iron metabolism to cell growth, apoptosis and inflammation, and says iron-regulatory proteins control expression of iron-homeostasis genes. The retrieved passages do not establish this source as support for the full list: oxygen and electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation and energy production, xenobiotic metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Its discussion of xenobiotics concerns their effects on iron-regulatory proteins, not iron’s role in metabolising them. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • IRPs regulate mRNAs of proteins required for iron utilization, uptake and export; DMT1 mRNA has an IRE in its 3' UTR and is upregulated by iron deficiency, while erythroid 5-aminolevulanata synthase and FPN1 have IREs in their 5' UTR and are upregulated under high iron conditions.

    “IRPs, in addition to modulating ferritin and TfR1 levels can regulate the mRNAs or other proteins required for iron utilization (erythroid 5-aminolevulanata synthase), iron uptake (DMT1) and export (FPN1).DMT1 mRNA has IRE in its 3 ' UTR and is upregulated by iron deficiency while the other two proteins have IREs in their 5 ' UTR and are therefore upregulated under high iron conditions”

    From Iron, Oxidative Stress and Health (2012) · cites this paper as Cairo and Recalcati, 2007

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Authors
Cairo, G., & Recalcati, S.
Affiliations
University of Milan (IT)
Corresponding author
Cairo, Gaetano
ORCID
Venue
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2007-12
Volume
9
Issue
33
Pages
1-13
ISSN
1462-3994 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1017/s1462399407000531
PMC
PMC2811384
OpenAlex
W2111684519
Cited by
124
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 4 d)
Locations
  • Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Keywords
iron regulatory proteins, iron regulatory protein 1, IRP2, iron metabolism, iron homeostasis, post-transcriptional regulation, iron-related diseases, apoptosis, inflammation, cell growth
MeSH terms
Animals, Hypoxia, Ferritins, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Iron, Xenobiotics, Oxidative Stress, Iron Metabolism Disorders, Response Elements, Iron-Regulatory Proteins

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