Parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behaviour before and after a parenting programme
Open accessAbstract
Aim: To explore whether changes in parenting self-efficacy after attending a parenting programme are related to changes in parenting stress and child behaviour. Background: Adverse parenting is a risk factor in the development of a range of health and behavioural problems in childhood and is predictive of poor adult outcomes. Strategies for supporting parents are recognised as an effective way to improve the health, well-being and development of children. Parenting is influenced by many factors including the behaviour and characteristics of the child, the health and psychological well-being of the parent and the contextual influences of stress and support. Parenting difficulties are a major source of stress for parents, and parenting self-efficacy has been shown to be an important buffer against parenting stress. Methods: In all, 63 parents who had a child under the age of 10 years took part in the research. Of those, 58 returned completed measures of parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behaviour at the start of a parenting programme and 37 at three-month follow-up. Findings: Improvements in parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress were found at follow-up, but there was less evidence for improvements in child behaviour. The findings clearly suggest a relationship between parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress; parents who are feeling less efficacious experience higher levels of stress, whereas greater parenting self-efficacy is related to less stress. This study adds to the evidence that parent outcomes may be a more reliable measure of programme effectiveness than child outcomes at least in the short term.
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Brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reinforce positive parenting behaviors.
“In a range of settings, brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, increase parental confidence and self-efficacy, and reinforce positive parenting behaviors (Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012, Bodenmann et al., 2008, Warner et al., 2011, Zand et al., 2018).”
From Brief Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents With Emotional Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Example (2021) · cites this paper as Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012
The Intervention section (page unavailable) describes a six-session programme in which parents practise positive parenting strategies. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports improved parenting self-efficacy and reduced stress, but says whether these outcomes predict positive parenting needs further testing. It does not establish that the programme reinforced positive parenting behaviours after attendance. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBrief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.
“In a range of settings, brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, increase parental confidence and self-efficacy, and reinforce positive parenting behaviors (Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012, Bodenmann et al., 2008, Warner et al., 2011, Zand et al., 2018).”
From Brief Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents With Emotional Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Example (2021) · cites this paper as Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012
The Discussion reports that parenting stress decreased after a six-session parenting programme, supporting the stress portion of the claim. The paper does not report reductions in parental anxiety or depressive symptoms, and the Discussion cautions that the study cannot infer a causal relationship. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBrief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to increase parental confidence and self-efficacy.
“In a range of settings, brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, increase parental confidence and self-efficacy, and reinforce positive parenting behaviors (Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012, Bodenmann et al., 2008, Warner et al., 2011, Zand et al., 2018).”
From Brief Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents With Emotional Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Example (2021) · cites this paper as Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012
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- Authors
- Bloomfield, L., & Kendall, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bloomfield, Linda
- ORCID
- Kendall, Sally
- Venue
- Primary Health Care Research & Development
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2012-04-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 364-372
- ISSN
- 1463-4236 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-1128
- OpenAlex
- W2109080274
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Primary Health Care Research & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- parental self-efficacy, parental stress, child behavior, parent training, parenting support, program effectiveness, parent outcomes, child development
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Educational Status, Emotions, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Program Evaluation, Confidence Intervals, Parenting, Statistics, Nonparametric, Self Efficacy, Young Adult
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