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Cited by 15Family Support in IllnessChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Brief Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents With Emotional Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Example

Open access
Ehrenreich-May, Jill, Halliday, Elizabeth R., Karlovich, Ashley R., Gruen, Rinatte L., Pino, Adriana C., Tonarely, Niza A.·2021·Cognitive and Behavioral Practice
DOI 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.002PMC PMC8488185
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Abstract

Concerns regarding parent mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic are justifiably on the rise. Although anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress levels have risen precipitously across all demographics during the pandemic, parents residing with their children are under particular and unique strain. Caregivers with children in the home are responsible not only for their own health, financial security, and safety during this time, but often full-time caregiving, household management and, in many cases, their children's schooling. In this case paper, we describe the development of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders for Caregivers (UP-Caregiver) and provide a case example of its implementation. This 4-session indicated prevention for caregivers is a modification of existing versions of the Unified Protocols for adults and children, modified to maximize its responsiveness to issues faced by parents and caregivers living with youth (ages 6–13) during the current pandemic. UP-Caregiver was offered as part of a randomized, controlled trial via telehealth in a small group format to any parent with a child in the specified age range with mild or greater anxiety, depression or traumatic stress symptoms during an initial screening. The case example provided is of a White, Hispanic mother with a range of self-reported emotional disorder concerns at an initial assessment. Declines in anxiety, depression and traumatic stress symptoms were all noted, as well as improvements in parenting self-efficacy and distress tolerance 6-weeks after initiating UP-Caregiver. An ongoing randomized, controlled trial of UP-Caregiver will further evaluate the utility and feasibility of this approach to alleviate parental distress during COVID-19. © 2021 Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.002

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

14 of 41 cited sources checked · 6 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.

    “In a range of settings, brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, increase parental confidence and self-efficacy, and reinforce positive parenting behaviors (Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012, Bodenmann et al., 2008, Warner et al., 2011, Zand et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012 source

      The Discussion reports that parenting stress decreased after a six-session parenting programme, supporting the stress portion of the claim. The paper does not report reductions in parental anxiety or depressive symptoms, and the Discussion cautions that the study cannot infer a causal relationship. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Bodenmann et al., 2008 source
    • cites Warner et al., 2011 source
  • Premisecitation

    Brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reinforce positive parenting behaviors.

    “In a range of settings, brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, increase parental confidence and self-efficacy, and reinforce positive parenting behaviors (Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012, Bodenmann et al., 2008, Warner et al., 2011, Zand et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012 source

      The Intervention section (page unavailable) describes a six-session programme in which parents practise positive parenting strategies. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports improved parenting self-efficacy and reduced stress, but says whether these outcomes predict positive parenting needs further testing. It does not establish that the programme reinforced positive parenting behaviours after attendance. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Bodenmann et al., 2008 source
    • cites Warner et al., 2011 source
  • Premisecitation

    Brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to increase parental confidence and self-efficacy.

    “In a range of settings, brief, parent-focused interventions have been shown to reduce parental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, increase parental confidence and self-efficacy, and reinforce positive parenting behaviors (Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012, Bodenmann et al., 2008, Warner et al., 2011, Zand et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Bloomfield and Kendall, 2012 source
    • cites Bodenmann et al., 2008 source
    • cites Warner et al., 2011 source
  • Premisecitation

    Research on prior pandemics shows that quarantines may result in increased mental health concerns for caregivers, particularly posttraumatic stress.

    “Research on prior pandemics shows that quarantines may result in increased mental health concerns for caregivers, particularly posttraumatic stress (Brooks et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brooks et al., 2020 source
  • Premisecitation

    Caregivers with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress are at higher risk of negative consequences due to COVID-19 and the quarantine.

    “As stated, caregivers with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress are at higher risk of negative consequences due to COVID-19 and the quarantine (Brooks et al., 2020, Brown et al., 2020, Daks et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim3 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Brooks et al., 2020 source

      In “Prequarantine predictors of psychological impact,” the review associates a history of psychiatric illness with anxiety and anger after quarantine. Its mitigation section says people with pre-existing poor mental health likely need extra support during quarantine. It does not establish that caregivers with the specified symptoms are at higher risk of negative consequences from COVID-19. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Brown et al., 2020 source

      The Discussion links parents’ anxiety and depressive symptoms with higher perceived stress and child abuse potential during the pandemic. It does not establish the same risk for traumatic-stress symptoms, or show that quarantine caused those outcomes. The indexed passages provide section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Daks et al., 2020 source

      The Results (Testing the path model; page unavailable) link COVID-19 stress and stay-at-home demands to poorer family functioning and greater parent and child distress. The paper does not show that caregivers who already have anxiety, depression, or traumatic-stress symptoms are at higher risk of those consequences; its identified risk factor is parental psychological inflexibility. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • May combine two claims. 23
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 27
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Meta-analytic studies of the UP show that the UP is effective for adults with a range of psychopathology, although the vast majority of studies on this approach have primarily targeted adults with anxiety disorders.

    “Meta-analytic studies of the UP show that the UP is effective for adults with a range of psychopathology, although the vast majority of studies on this approach have primarily targeted adults with anxiety disorders (Sakiris & Berle, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sakiris & Berle, 2019 source

      The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that the UP reduced symptoms across several internalising disorders, and the inclusion criteria specify adults over 18. However, the passages do not establish that the vast majority of included studies primarily targeted adults with anxiety disorders; measuring anxiety outcomes is not the same as primarily targeting anxiety disorders. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Angelina reported moderate to severe levels of anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively.

    “Angelina reported moderate to severe levels of anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Spitzer et al., 2006 source
    • cites Kroenke et al., 2001 source

      The Results section defines PHQ-9 scores of 10–14 as moderate depression, 15–19 as moderately severe, and 20–27 as severe. The paper supports interpreting depression severity on the PHQ-9, but it does not report Angelina’s score or address her GAD-7 anxiety result. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Angelina denied experiencing a Criterion A event on the PC-PTSD-5.

    “denied experiencing a Criterion A event on the PC-PTSD-5”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Prins et al., 2016 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The DTS has demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and good internal consistency.

    “The DTS has demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and good internal consistency (Leyro et al., 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Leyro et al., 2011 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A score of 11 or higher on the ODSIS indicates clinical depressive symptoms.

    “A score of 11 or higher indicates clinical depressive symptoms (Ito et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ito et al., 2015 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Previous research indicates eight as an appropriate cut-off score on the OASIS to determine the presence of an anxiety disorder.

    “Previous research indicates eight as an appropriate cut-off score to determine the presence of an anxiety disorder (Campbell-Sills et al., 2009, Norman et al., 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Campbell-Sills et al., 2009 source
    • cites Norman et al., 2006 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Stepped-care and brief treatment adaptations of a transdiagnostic treatment like the UP allow for more efficient targeting of symptoms and may reduce financial and pragmatic barriers to care.

    “Stepped-care and brief treatment adaptations of a transdiagnostic treatment like the UP allow for more efficient targeting of symptoms and may reduce financial and pragmatic barriers to care (Rapee et al., 2017, Salloum et al., 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rapee et al., 2017 source
    • cites Salloum et al., 2016 source

      The Introduction describes stepped care as using accessible, lower-cost first-line treatment and reserving intensive resources for patients who need them. The Discussion reports lower costs and fewer in-office visits for stepped-care TF-CBT. This paper studies trauma-focused CBT in young children, however, not a brief or transdiagnostic adaptation of the UP. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Angelina exhibited reliable change in her self-reported anxiety symptoms (RCI = 4.46, effect size = 1.74) and her anxiety symptoms fell within the average range by Week 6.

    “anxiety symptoms (RCI = 4.46, effect size = 1.74)”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “both falling within the average range by Week 6”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Angelina did not report having any existent mental health diagnoses or that she was seeing another mental health provider.

    “Angelina did not report having any existent mental health diagnoses or that she was seeing another mental health provider”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Angelina's trauma symptoms were within the elevated range at pretreatment but decreased and fell within the average range by Week 6, indicating clinically significant and reliable change (RCI = 9.99, effect size = 1.56).

    “Angelina’s trauma symptoms were within the elevated range at pretreatment but decreased and fell within the average range by Week 6, indicating clinically significant and reliable change (RCI = 9.99, effect size = 1.56).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Angelina reported that she has always been an "anxious person."

    “Angelina did report that she has always been an “anxious person.””
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Angelina exhibited reliable change in her self-reported depressive symptoms (RCI = 3.46, effect size = 1.12) and her depressive symptoms fell within the average range by Week 6.

    “Angelina exhibited reliable change in her self-reported depressive symptoms (RCI = 3.46, effect size = 1.12)”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “both falling within the average range by Week 6”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Angelina endorsed suicidal ideation on the PHQ-9 and was further screened with the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), which showed low to no risk for suicide.

    “She also endorsed suicidal ideation on the PHQ-9 and was further screened with the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS; Nilsson et al., 2013), which showed low to no risk for suicide.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nilsson et al., 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Angelina was receptive to all of the modules and was extremely compliant in applying the skills between sessions for home-learning.

    “Angelina was receptive to all of the modules and was extremely compliant in applying the skills between sessions for home-learning.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Angelina utilized various skills from UP-Caregiver to address the emotion of guilt, in particular.

    “Angelina utilized various skills from UP-Caregiver to address the emotion of guilt, in particular.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Caregivers in this sample often relied on phone use rather than a video app (i.e., Zoom); however, the clinicians found that this sometimes adversely impacted rapport and cohesion of the group.

    “Caregivers in this sample often relied on phone use rather than a video app (i.e., Zoom); however, the clinicians found that this sometimes adversely impacted rapport and cohesion of the group”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Although she expressed that she previously had difficulty implementing mindfulness techniques, she felt that the anchoring in the present skill was helpful in allowing her to recognize her negative thoughts and shift her focus to the present.

    “Although she expressed that she previously had difficulty implementing mindfulness techniques, she felt that the anchoring in the present skill was helpful in allowing her to recognize her negative thoughts and shift her focus to the present.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    According to Angelina, her child was experiencing moderate levels of anxiety at pretreatment, which decreased during treatment and fell within the average range by Week 6.

    “According to Angelina, her child was experiencing moderate levels of anxiety at pretreatment. This decreased during treatment and fell within the average range by Week 6.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The circumstances around COVID-19 are changing rapidly and caregivers in this RCT reported highly varied experiences depending on their family, job, location, and the time they entered the study.

    “It should be noted that the circumstances around COVID-19 are changing rapidly and caregivers in this RCT reported highly varied experiences depending on their family, job, location, and the time they entered the study (e.g., May 2020 versus August 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Angelina reportedly increased her use of opposite parenting behaviors, including increasing positive one-on-one time, healthy emotion modeling, and healthy independence granting.

    “She reportedly increased her use of opposite parenting behaviors, including increasing positive one-on-one time, healthy emotion modeling, and healthy independence granting.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The adult version of the Y-OASIS has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties.

    “The adult version of this measure has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties (Norman et al., 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Norman et al., 2006 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The OASIS has shown excellent reliability and validity in a range of anxiety disorders sample of adults.

    “The OASIS has shown excellent reliability and validity in a range of anxiety disorders sample of adults (Norman et al., 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Norman et al., 2006 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Preliminary results on stepped-care and brief versions of the UP-C and UP-A support their potential feasibility in targeting youth anxiety and depressive symptoms in a brief time course.

    “Preliminary results on these adaptations support their potential feasibility in targeting youth anxiety and depressive symptoms in a brief time course (Kennedy et al., 2020, Tonarely et al., 2020b).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Kennedy et al., 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Tonarely et al., 2020b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The PI provided weekly supervision for groups.

    “The PI provided weekly supervision for groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Scores between 31-33 on the PCL-5 may indicate a PTSD diagnosis, and a change of at least five points indicates that an individual has responded to treatment.

    “Scores between 31–33 may indicate a PTSD diagnosis, and a change of at least five points indicates that an individual has responded to treatment (Weathers et al., 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Weathers et al., 2013

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Consent was obtained and documented before the start of any study procedures.

    “Consent was obtained and documented before the start of any study procedures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The ODSIS has been well-validated as a brief screening measure for depression-related severity and functional impairment.

    “Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS; Bentley et al., 2014), a five-item, self-report measure, has also been well-validated as a brief screening measure for depression-related severity and functional impairment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Bentley et al., 2014 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Angelina's progress was measured using several reliable and valid measures of parental anxiety and depression, youth psychopathology, parenting self-efficacy, parenting satisfaction and satisfaction with the intervention itself.

    “Angelina’s progress in the RCT and in sessions was measured using several reliable and valid measures of parental anxiety and depression, youth psychopathology, parenting self-efficacy, parenting satisfaction and satisfaction with the intervention itself.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The PCL-5 has demonstrated strong reliability and validity.

    “The PCL-5 has demonstrated strong reliability and validity (Blevins et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Blevins et al., 2015 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Approval was obtained from the University of Miami's Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov.

    “Approval was obtained from the University of Miami’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    All therapists previously completed UP competency training and/or received UP workshop training and had existent experience with the UP-C or UP-A model.

    “All therapists previously completed UP competency training and/or received UP workshop training.”
    • Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
      “Last, the therapists in this study were already trained in the UP-C or UP-A and had existent experience with the model, easing training and adaption efforts for delivering this intervention.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    UP participants were less likely to drop out of treatment early compared with the disorder-specific protocols.

    “UP participants were less likely to drop out of treatment early compared with the disorder-specific protocols (Barlow et al., 2017, Barlow et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Barlow et al., 2017 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The PSOC has shown good psychometrics and is validated for use in measuring self-esteem in caregivers.

    “The PSOC has shown good psychometrics and is validated for use in measuring self-esteem in caregivers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A brief, four-session, preventative version of the UP for college students was compared to a wait-list condition in a sample of 243 undergraduates.

    “For example, a brief, four-session, preventative version of the UP for college students was compared to a wait-list condition in a sample of 243 undergraduates (Sauer-Zavala, Tirpak, et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sauer-Zavala, Tirpak, et al., 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Participants who were enrolled in the brief preventative UP program for college students were highly engaged and satisfied with the intervention.

    “Participants who were enrolled in this program were highly engaged and satisfied with the intervention (Sauer-Zavala, Tirpak, et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sauer-Zavala, Tirpak, et al., 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    These variations may confer different outcomes for different individuals.

    “these variations may confer different outcomes for different individuals”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The case example demonstrated high client satisfaction, feasibility, and efficacy of the intervention for this case.

    “The case example demonstrated high client satisfaction, feasibility, and efficacy of the intervention for this case.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The improvements observed in Angelina's symptoms and parenting are attributable to UP-Caregiver rather than other factors.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Preliminary results suggest that UP-Caregiver is acceptable, helpful, and leads to improved emotion management for this parent, who was experiencing elevated symptoms of emotional disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    “Preliminary results suggest that UP-Caregiver is acceptable, helpful, and leads to improved emotion management for this parent, who was experiencing elevated symptoms of emotional disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The improvements observed in Angelina's symptoms and parenting are attributable to UP-Caregiver rather than other factors.
38 of 38

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The improvements observed in Angelina's symptoms and parenting are attributable to UP-Caregiver rather than other factors.

    “Preliminary results suggest that UP-Caregiver is acceptable, helpful, and leads to improved emotion management for this parent, who was experiencing elevated symptoms of emotional disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
    “The case example demonstrated high client satisfaction, feasibility, and efficacy of the intervention for this case.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Parents and caregivers in quarantine face additional stressors, such as balancing multiple roles, that may vary in intensity within a given day or over time.

    “Parents and caregivers in quarantine face additional stressors, such as balancing multiple roles (e.g., work, homeschooling, caregiving), that may vary in intensity within a given day or over time.”
2 of 2

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Child improvement is attributed to the child's own report

    Minor

    The discussion says the child reported improvement, but the assessment description identifies the youth anxiety measure as the caregiver's rating of her child. The results likewise attribute the child's anxiety ratings to Angelina.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Nilsson, 2013, Columbia–suicide severity rating scale scoring and data analysis guide, CSSRS Scoring Version, 2, 1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Ehrenreich-May, J., Halliday, E. R., Karlovich, A. R., Gruen, R. L., Pino, A. C., & Tonarely, N. A.
Affiliations
University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author
Ehrenreich-May, Jill
ORCID
Venue
Cognitive and Behavioral Practice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-11
Volume
28
Issue
4
Pages
690-700
ISSN
1077-7229 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.002
PMC
PMC8488185
OpenAlex
W3131993954
Cited by
15
References
50
Citations by year
2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
FWCI
5.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cognitive and Behavioral Practice (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Miami
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Family Support in Illness
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords
parental mental health, caregiver stress, COVID-19 pandemic, transdiagnostic treatment, Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders, telemedicine, indicated prevention, anxiety

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