Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy.
Abstract
The articles included in the special series in this issue of Developmental Psychology demonstrate that perceived self-efficacy for memory functioning is an important facet of metamemory. Self-beliefs of efficacy can enhance or impair performance through their effects on cognitive, affective, or motivational intervening processes. This commentary addresses a number of issues concerning the extension of self-efficacy theory to memory functioning. These include the following: the multidimensionality and measurement of perceived memory capabilities; the veridicality of memory self-appraisal; the efficacious exercise of personal control over memory functioning; the psychosocial processes by which people preserve a favorable sense of memory self-efficacy over the life span; and strategies for generalizing the impact of training in memory skills. Much of the research on perceived self-efficacy has focused on its role in the regulation of motivation, action, and affective arousal (Bandura, 1986; 1988a, 1988b, in press). More recently, research conducted within this conceptual framework has sought to clarify how perceived self-efficacy affects thinking processes, either as events of interest in their own right or as intervening influences of other aspects of psychosocial functioning. This research has begun to delineate the ways in which self-percepts of efficacy can enhance or impair the level of cognitive functioning (Bandura, in press). These cognitive effects take various forms.
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Self-efficacy theorists acknowledge that self-efficacy and cognition have reciprocal relationships.
“Self-efficacy theorists acknowledge the reciprocal nature of self-efficacy-cognition relationships (e.g., Bandura, 1989).”
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The conceptual framework underlying the intervention is Bandura's self-efficacy theory.
“The conceptual framework underlying the intervention is Bandura’s self-efficacy theory: self-efficacy is defined as “the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or perform a task and can influence personal motivation and ability to succeed” [15,31].”
From HAPPY MAMA Project (Part 2)—Maternal Distress and Self-Efficacy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Field Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Embedded in social learning theory, self-efficacy refers to the belief in one’s ability to perform a particular task successfully (Bandura, 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe adaptive nature of cognitive immaturity.
Bjorklund, D. F., & Green, B. L. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.47.1.46 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Cognitive Self-efficacy in Relation to Personal Mastery and Goal Setting across the Life Span
Berry, J. M., & West, R. L. (1993) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/016502549301600213 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
McAuley, E., Szabo‐Reed, A. N., Gothe, N. P., & Olson, E. A. (2011) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827610392704 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
A conceptual model of social entrepreneurial intention based on the social cognitive career theory
Tran, A. T. P., & von Korflesch, H. F. O. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1108/apjie-12-2016-007 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
“Additionally, self-efficacy is not a passive, static trait, but rather is seen as a dynamic set of convictions as in social cognitive view (Bandura, 1989, 2001; Lent et al., 1994, 2000).”
BackgroundDurak, H. Y. (2018) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2018.09.003 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
“The conceptual framework of this study is based on “the social cognitive theory” (Bandura, 1986, 1989).”
MethodConnell, J. P., Halpern‐Felsher, B. L., Clifford, E., Crichlow, W. E., & Usinger, P. (1995) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743554895101004 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Age-related differences in absolute but not relative metamemory accuracy.
Connor, L. T., Dunlosky, J. T., & Hertzog, C. K. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.1.50 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science
OECD (2007) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264029132-en · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Children's Perceived Academic Self-Efficacy: An Inventory Scale
Jinks, J. L., & Morgan, V. (1999) · The Clearing House A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas · doi:10.1080/00098659909599398 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Developing and validating a tool to measure parenting self‐efficacy
Kendall, S. A., & Bloomfield, L. (2005) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03479.x · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Treating Conduct Problems and Strengthening Social and Emotional Competence in Young Children
Webster-Stratton, C. H., & Reid, M. J. (2003) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/10634266030110030101 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“In accordance with modeling and selfefficacy theories of learning (Bandura, 1989), children using the program develop their skills by watching (and modeling) videotape examples of key problem-solving and interpersonal skills.”
MethodDeterminants of continued use of the WWW: an integration of two theoretical models
Hsu, M., Chiu, C. M., & Ju, T. (2004) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/02635570410567757 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Cicerone, K. D., Mott, T., Azulay, J., Sharlow-Galella, M. A., Ellmo, W., Paradise, S., & Friel, J. C. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.06.017 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Cicerone, K. D., Mott, T., Azulay, J., & Friel, J. C. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.07.019 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The evolution of inhibition mechanisms and their role in human cognition and behavior
Bjorklund, D. F., & Harnishfeger, K. K. (1995) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012208930-5/50006-4 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
DSM-V and the stigma of mental illness
Ben‐Zeev, D., Young, M. A., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2010.492484 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“, 1999; Rosenberg, 1965), self-efficacy (Bandura, 1989), and confidence in their future (Corrigan, 1998; Holmes & River, 1998).”
Usability factors predicting continuance of intention to use cloud e-learning application
Wang, L. Y. K., Lew, S.-L., Lau, S. H., & Leow, M.-C. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01788 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“Computer self-ef fi cacy, referring to an individual's con fi dence in his or her capability to use new technology and applications, is a vital predictor for technology acceptance (Bandura, 1977, 1989; Compeau and Higgins, 1995).”
BackgroundExperimenting to bootstrap self-regulated learning.
Winne, P. H. (1997) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.397 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“The outcome expectation, incentive or incentives, and the efficacy expectation stimulate a fourth memory about agency (Bandura, 1989).”
BackgroundParenting cognitions → parenting practices → child adjustment? The standard model
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., & Suwalsky, J. T. D. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000931 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“For example, self-efficacy theory posits that adults who evaluate themselves as competent, who know what they can do, and who understand the probable effects of their actions will, as parents, more likely act as constructive partners in their children’s development (Bandura, 1989).”
BackgroundSelf-stigma of mental illness scale—short form: Reliability and validity
Corrigan, P. W., Michaels, P. J., Vega, E., Gause, M., Watson, A. C., & Rüsch, N. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.009 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Perceived Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction After Traumatic Brain Injury
Cicerone, K. D., & Azulay, J. (2007) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.htr.0000290970.56130.81 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Subject-specific components of academic self-concept and self-efficacy
Marsh, H. W., WALKER, R. A., & Debus, R. L. (1991) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/0361-476x(91)90013-b · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“More sensitive efficacy measures seek to assess respondents' beliefs in their capabilities to fulfill task demands at various gradations of difficulty within the domain rather than to assess personal efficacy at a single level of task difficulty (Bandura, 1989).”
BackgroundA contingency model of computer and Internet self-efficacy
Torkzadeh, G., Chang, J., & Demirhan, D. (2006) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2006.02.001 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“Research on self-efficacy concept has a long tradition in social sciences with notable works by Bandura [2,4,5], Schunk [36,37], Gist [14,15], and others.”
BackgroundMetacognitive regulation of text learning: On screen versus on paper.
Ackerman, R., & Goldsmith, M. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied · doi:10.1037/a0022086 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Maharani, A., Pendleton, N., & Leroi, I. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.07.010 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Aging and self-regulated language processing.
Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Miller, L. M. S., & Hertzog, C. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.582 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
“Self-referent memory beliefs, such as perceived control and self-efficacy, likely play a role in goal setting and commitment (e.g., A. Bandura, 1989a, 1989b, Lachman, M. Bandura, Weaver, & Elliott, 1995; Welch & West, 1995; West et al., 2001; West, Thorn, & Bagwell, 2003; West et al., 2005),…”
BackgroundThe Efficacy of Parent Training for Promoting Positive Parent—Toddler Relationships
Gross, D. A., Fogg, L., & Tucker, S. (1995) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770180605 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Adopting a population-level approach to parenting and family support interventions
Prinz, R. J., & Sanders, M. R. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.005 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“An alternative that is especially adaptable to a population approach is the notion of invoking a self-regulatory framework (Bandura, 1989, 1995; Karoly, 1993).”
BackgroundEffectiveness of entertainment education in communicating health information: a systematic review
Shen, F., & Han, J. (2014) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2014.927895 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“SCT emphasized the effects of modeling and observation of others’ behaviors on selfefficacy and adoption of new behaviors (Bandura, 1986, 1989).”
BackgroundInfluentialDevelopment of an instrument to assess perceived self‐efficacy in the parents of infants
Črnčec, R., Barnett, B. E. W., & Matthey, S. (2008) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20271 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behaviour before and after a parenting programme
Bloomfield, L., & Kendall, S. (2012) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423612000060 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
“Grounded in social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1989; 1997), parenting self-efficacy is broadly defined as an individual’s appraisal of his or her competence in the parenting role (Coleman and Karraker, 2000; Kendall and Bloomfield, 2005).”
BackgroundPredictors of Sustainable Consumption among Young Educated Consumers in Hong Kong
Lee, K. (2014) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1080/08961530.2014.900249 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Specifically, there are three possible routes in which the process might take place: (1) through vicarious learning (Bandura 1977), (2) through a cognitive process involving group-efficacy beliefs (Bandura 1989), or (3) through a sense of community and group empowerment (Chavis and Wandersman 1990).”
BackgroundKumar, R., & Shukla, S. (2019) · Global Business Review · doi:10.1177/0972150919844395 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“Self-efficacy, however, has been found to be task or domain specific (Bandura, 1989; Wilson, Kickul, & Marlino, 2007), which means if someone feels highly efficacious in doing a particular task, they need not be the same in other tasks or domains.”
BackgroundSmart, J. B., & Marshall, J. (2013) · Journal of Science Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/s10972-012-9297-9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“(Bandura 1997, 1989).”
The Mediated Moderation Model of Interactivity
Bucy, E. P., & Tao, C.-C. (2007) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260701283269 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“This motivational trait activates and regulates not just behavior but also psychological responses to environmental stimuli, including affect and cognition (Bandura, 1989, 1997).”
BackgroundWhite, A. M., DeCuir‐Gunby, J. T., & Kim, S. (2018) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.11.006 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The mediation of disability by self efficacy in different samples of chronic pain patients
Arnstein, P. (2000) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280050200296 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Weaver, C. M., Shaw, D., Dishion, T., & Wilson, M. N. (2008) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.07.006 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“The development of general self-efficacy is thought to result from four domains of experiences, including individual histories of task successes versus failures, vicariously learning through the successes and failures of others, verbal persuasion from others, and aversive physiological arousal, such as stress response…”
Sandler, M. E. (2000) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1023/a:1007032525530 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The influence of gender on entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of perceptual factors
Camelo‐Ordaz, C., Diánez‐González, J. P., & Ruíz‐Navarro, J. (2016) · BRQ Business Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.brq.2016.03.001 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“Self-efficacy is based on individals’ perception of their own skills and/or abilities and their ompetence to perform particular tasks, and it reflects a erson’s confidence in his/her own ability to succeed in such asks (Bandura, 1989; Kickul et al., 2008).”
BackgroundJackson, A. P. (2000) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/019251300021001001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Li, Y., Garza, V., Keicher, A., & Popov, V. (2018) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-018-9355-2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Bandura (1989) suggested that self-efficacy may influence behavioral outcomes through motivational and affective processes.”
BackgroundGross, D. A., Conrad, B., Fogg, L., & Wothke, W. (1994) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770170308 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Predicting user concerns about online privacy
Yao, M. Z., Rice, R. E., & Wallis, K. (2007) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20530 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Measurement of Self‐Efficacy for Diet‐Related Behaviors Among Elementary School Children
Parcel, G. S., Edmundson, E. W., Perry, C. L., Feldman, H. A., O'Hara-Tompkins, N. M., Nader, P. R., Johnson, C., & Stone, E. J. (1995) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1995.tb03335.x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Examining the Relation of Parenting to Children's Coping with Everyday Stress
Hardy, D. F., Power, T. G., & Jaedicke, S. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04216.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Toward A Contextual Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions
Elfving, J., Brännback, M. E., & Carsrud, A. L. (2009) · International studies in entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0443-0_2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Self-efficacy impacts motivation mainly through commitment, which Bandura (1989) also finds in his research.”
BackgroundInfluentialHealth-related possible selves in young and middle adulthood.
Hooker, K. A., & Kaus, C. R. (1994) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.9.1.126 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Fang, X., Deng, L., & Zhang, J. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.010 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Age related differences in metacognitive control: Role of executive functioning
Souchay, C., & Isingrini, M. L. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.06.002 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Sanders, M. R., Cann, W. G., & Markie‐Dadds, C. (2003) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.798 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“(v) Social information processing models that highlight the important role of parental cognitions such as attributions, expectancies and beliefs as factors that contribute to parental selfefficacy, decision-making and behavioural intentions (e.g. Bandura, 1977, 1989, 1995).”
Organization and Development of Self-Understanding and Self-Regulation
Δημητρίου, Α. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50036-6 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bandura, A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bandura, Albert
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 729-735
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W2048911743
- Cited by
- 1,900
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 75
- FWCI
- 11.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- self-efficacy, metamemory, memory self-efficacy, memory function, self-efficacy theory, cognitive regulation, lifespan development, psychosocial processes
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