Invited review: relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease
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The association between transportation and the occurrence of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) has long been recognised. Many hypotheses regarding this association have been declared through the past decades, and it is agreed upon by most researchers that the multiple stressors that calves experience during transportation result in an overall immunosuppression that allows the respiratory tract to be invaded by numerous opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, the innate immune cells, neutrophils, may be trapped in a paradox whereby their crucial defence and pathogen-killing activities are counteracted by excessive inflammation and tissue damage that may exacerbate disease, including the BRDC. Neutrophilia in response to glucocorticoids has been attributed to an influx of immature neutrophils newly released from the bone marrow, a decrease in neutrophil margination along endothelial walls, and a decrease in neutrophil apoptosis. Several of these explanations have been confirmed by altered expression of genes and proteins important for neutrophil margination and apoptosis.
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The additional stressors of transport, including adverse climatic conditions, fasting, and the commingling of calves from many different farms, result in further immunosuppression, leading to the invasion of pathogens into the respiratory and digestive tracts.
“The additional stressors of transport (including adverse climatic conditions, fasting, and the commingling of calves from many different farms) result in further immunosuppression (7)”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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“The additional stressors of transport (including adverse climatic conditions, fasting, and the commingling of calves from many different farms) result in further immunosuppression (7), leading to the invasion of pathogens into the respiratory and digestive tracts.”
- Authors
- Earley, B., Buckham Sporer, K., & Gupta, S.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Earley, B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- animal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 486-492
- ISSN
- 1751-7311 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2589078452
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- animal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- cattle transport, bovine respiratory disease, immunosuppression, neutrophils, neutrophilia, glucocorticoids, neutrophil margination, neutrophil apoptosis, inflammation, innate immunity, opportunistic pathogens
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Welfare, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunosuppression Therapy, Inflammation, Neutrophils, Opportunistic Infections, Stress, Physiological, Transportation, Apoptosis, Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
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