Current Knowledge on the Transportation by Road of Cattle, including Unweaned Calves

Buckham-Sporer, Kelly; Earley, Bernadette; Marti, Sonia

doi:10.3390/ani13213393

Cited by 31Animal Behavior and Welfare StudiesEffects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockAnimal health and immunology

Current Knowledge on the Transportation by Road of Cattle, including Unweaned Calves

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Buckham-Sporer, Kelly, Earley, Bernadette, Marti, Sonia·2023·Animals

DOI 10.3390/ani13213393PMC PMC10649969

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Abstract

Transport conditions have the potential to alter the physiological responses of animals to the psychological or physical stress of transport. Transportation may introduce multiple physical and psychological stressors to unweaned calves and adult cattle, including noise, overcrowding, food and water deprivation, extreme temperatures, commingling with unfamiliar animals, handling by unfamiliar humans, and being placed in a novel environment upon arrival. Apart from these factors, the type of road and even driving skill may affect the welfare of animals. One of the concerns regarding cattle transport is that the handling and marketing of animals prior to a journey may lengthen the period of feed withdrawal. Furthermore, feed withdrawal can impact animal welfare through hunger and metabolic stress. Transportation is also associated with a decrease in animal performance as well as an increase in the incidence of bovine respiratory disease. It is well established that the transportation of cattle is a stressor that causes a quantifiable response; however, excessive stress during transport resulting in physiological or pathological changes can be reduced with best management practices. The objective of this review was to analyse the available scientific literature pertaining to the transport by road of cattle, including unweaned calves.

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Young calves possess limited body fat reserves to cope with energy depletion through fasting and to regulate their body temperature in cold transport conditions.
“Young calves possess limited body fat reserves to cope with energy depletion through fasting [16, 17] and to regulate their body temperature in cold transport conditions [18, 19].”
From Effects of age and feeding protocols on the metabolic and physiological condition of unweaned calves during and after long-distance transport (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Section 3.2 states that unweaned calves have low fat reserves and may suffer cold stress, supporting the cold-transport part of the claim. It discusses fasting elsewhere, but does not link calves’ low fat reserves to their ability to cope with energy depletion during fasting. The supplied citation does not identify which citation number refers to this paper, so the verdict covers the full attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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BackgroundInfluential
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Characteristics of Veal Calves Upon Arrival, at 28 and 84 Days, and at End of the Production Cycle
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Enteric Immunity
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“Cattle with non-ambulatory status (“downer cattle”) that have been badly injured on the transporter may not be accepted at slaughter plants, resulting in, again, a proﬁt loss for the producer [183].”
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Benchmarking study of industry practices during commercial long haul transport of cattle in Alberta, Canada1
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Effect of repeated regrouping and relocation on the physiological, immunological, and hematological variables and performance of steers
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Rest stops during road transport: Impacts on performance and acute-phase protein responses of feeder cattle1
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The effects of direct and indirect road transport consignment in combination with feed withdrawal in young dairy calves
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“Despite some performance data, other welfare indicators are inconsistent [138,139] and longer periods in rest stops are risk factors that increase the abundance of BRD-associated genera that affect the upper respiratory tracts of cattle and calves [146].”
Transportation stress alters the circulating steroid environment and neutrophil gene expression in beef bulls
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Self-citation
Effect of band and knife castration of beef calves on welfare indicators of pain at three relevant industry ages: I. Acute pain1
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Welfare of pigs during transport
Welfare, N.-F. E. P. O. A. H. A., Nielsen, S. S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J. A., Garin‐Bastuji, B., Gonzáles, J. L., Schmidt, C. G., et al. (2022) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7445 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Economic factors associated with livestock transportation
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COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF BULLS AND STEERS TO TRANSPORTATION
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ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE OF CALVES TO TRANSPORT STRESS AS MEASURED BY SALIVARY CORTISOL
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The Measurement of Water Evaporation from Limited Areas of a Normal Body Surface
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Causes of bruising in carcasses of beef cattle during farm, transport, and slaughterhouse handling in Brazil
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Symposium Paper: Transportation issues affecting cattle well-being and considerations for the future
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Space allowance during commercial long distance transport of cattle in North America1
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Effect of Propranolol on Muscle Glycogen Metabolism during Social Regrouping of Young Bulls
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Effects of body weight loss during transit from sale barns to commercial feedlots on health and performance in feeder cattle cohorts arriving to feedlots from 2000 to 20081
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Losses in Young Calves after Transportation
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Effect of band and knife castration of beef calves on welfare indicators of pain at three relevant industry ages: II. Chronic pain1
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Cattle deaths during sea transport from Australia
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Transport stress modulates adrenocorticotropin secretion from peripheral bovine lymphocytes.
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Effect of rest stop duration during long-distance transport on welfare indicators in recently weaned beef calves
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Effects of age and feeding protocols on the metabolic and physiological condition of unweaned calves during and after long-distance transport
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Authors: Buckham-Sporer, K., Earley, B., & Marti, S.
Affiliations: Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93 Co. Meath, Ireland
Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
Ruminant Production Program, IRTA, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
Corresponding author: Earley, Bernadette
ORCID: Earley, Bernadette
Marti, Sonia
Venue: Animals
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2023-11-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 21
Pages: 3393
ISSN: 2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ani13213393
PMC: PMC10649969
OpenAlex: W4388128906
Cited by: 31
References: 198
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6
FWCI: 1.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
Keywords: cattle transport, road transport, pre-weaned calves, animal welfare, transport stress, feed withdrawal, bovine respiratory disease

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Current Knowledge on the Transportation by Road of Cattle, including Unweaned Calves

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