The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood in intractable conflicts
Abstract
A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood emerges as a major theme in the ethos of conflict of societies involved in intractable conflict and is a fundamental part of the collective memory of the conflict. This sense is defined as a mindset shared by group members that results from a perceived intentional harm with severe consequences, inflicted on the collective by another group. This harm is viewed as undeserved, unjust and immoral, and one that the group could not prevent. The article analyses the nature of the self-perceived collective sense of victimhood in the conflict, its antecedents, the functions that it fulfils for the society and the consequences that result from this view.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The latter condition adds crucial aspects to the definition, by pointing out that the stance of victimhood can be also related to the victim’s personality and that mere experience of the harmful event is not enough for the emergence of sense of being a victim.114”
From Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
In the citing paper
“It seems that victimhood describes some psychological lasting states of mind involving beliefs, attitudes, emotions, and behavioral tendencies: this results, on the one hand, from direct or indirect experience of victimization and, on the other hand, from its maintenance in the personal repertoire.114”
From Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm (2020) · cites this paper as [114]
Citations
Cites
Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities
Bandura, A. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3 · Cited by 4,228
Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation.
Taylor, S. E. (1983) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.38.11.1161 · Cited by 3,176
Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice.
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. G. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.3.434 · Cited by 2,372
Finding Meaning in Memory: A Methodological Critique of Collective Memory Studies
Kansteiner, W. (2002) · History and Theory · doi:10.1111/0018-2656.00198 · Cited by 1,207
Liu, J. H., & Hilton, D. J. (2005) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466605x27162 · Cited by 850
Sociopsychological Foundations of Intractable Conflicts
Bar‐Tal, D. (2007) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764207302462 · Cited by 848
Self-citationThe Psychological Impact of Rape
RESICK, P. A. (1993) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626093008002005 · Cited by 418
Staub, E. (2006) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00541.x · Cited by 373
Health Impact of Interpersonal Violence 2: Medical and Mental Health Outcomes
Resnick, H. S., Acierno, R. E., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1997) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289709596730 · Cited by 363
Vicarious retribution: the role of collective blame in intergroup aggression
Lickel, B., Miller, N., Stenstrom, D. M., Denson, T. F., & Schmader, T. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_6 · Cited by 345
PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF INTRACTABLE ETHNONATIONAL CONFLICTS : THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CASE
Rouhana, N. N., & Bar-Tal, D. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.7.761 · Cited by 341
Self-citationRETHINKING VICTIMIZATION: AN INTERACTIONAL APPROACH TO VICTIMOLOGY
Holstein, J. A., & Miller, G. E. (1990) · Symbolic Interaction · doi:10.1525/si.1990.13.1.103 · Cited by 321
Remembering historical victimization: Collective guilt for current ingroup transgressions.
Wohl, M. J. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.988 · Cited by 297
Precursors and mediators of intergroup reconciliation in Northern Ireland: A new model
Noor, M., Brown, R. J., & Prentice, G. (2007) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466607x238751 · Cited by 296
Sexual assault history and physical health in randomly selected Los Angeles women.
Golding, J. M. (1994) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.13.2.130 · Cited by 275
Group Identification and Historical Memory
Sahdra, B. K., & Ross, M. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206296103 · Cited by 241
Racial attitudes in response to thoughts of white privilege
Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Schiffhauer, K. L. (2006) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.348 · Cited by 228
Sexual assault history and physical health in randomly selected Los Angeles women.
Golding, J. M. (1994) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.13.2.130 · Cited by 201
Acierno, R., Resnick, H. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1997) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289709596729 · Cited by 197
Bar‐Tal, D., & Antebi, D. (1992) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(92)90052-v · Cited by 177
Self-citationThe Rocky Road Toward Peace: Beliefs on Conflict in Israeli Textbooks
Bar‐Tal, D. (1998) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343398035006005 · Cited by 157
Self-citationThe Cyprus Conflict: Root Causes and Implications for Peacebuilding
Hadjipavlou, M. (2007) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343307076640 · Cited by 134
Intergroup violence and intergroup attributions
Hunter, J. A., Stringer, M., & Watson, R. P. (1991) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00943.x · Cited by 129
The role of victim beliefs in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Risk or potential for peace?
Vollhardt, J. R. (2009) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1080/10781910802544373 · Cited by 128
The detrimental dynamics of delegitimization in intractable conflicts: The Israeli–Palestinian case
Oren, N., & Bar‐Tal, D. (2006) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.07.003 · Cited by 125
Self-citationAquino, K. F., & Byron, K. L. (2002) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920630202800105 · Cited by 104
Constructing the Victim: Theoretical Reflections and Empirical Examples
Strobl, R. (2004) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/026975800401100206 · Cited by 91
Čehajić‐Clancy, S., & Brown, R. J. (2008) · Genocide Studies and Prevention · doi:10.3138/gsp.3.2.195 · Cited by 80
Elcheroth, G. (2006) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.330 · Cited by 72
The politicizing of trauma: A case study of Sri Lanka.
Ramanathapillai, R. (2006) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327949pac1201_1 · Cited by 56
From the Scandal to the Holocaust in Israeli Education
Porat, D. A. (2004) · Journal of Contemporary History · doi:10.1177/0022009404046757 · Cited by 54
Humiliation and human rights: Mapping a minefield
Lindner, E. G. (2001) · Human Rights Review · doi:10.1007/s12142-001-1023-5 · Cited by 53
Remembering the Second World War, 1945-1965: Narratives of Victimhood and Genocide
Confino, A., & Moeller, R. G. (2005) · Cultural analysis · Cited by 48
Chaitin, J., & Steinberg, S. (2008) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926770802344851 · Cited by 43
Victimization: Some Comments by an Israeli
Hareven, A. (1983) · Political Psychology · doi:10.2307/3791179 · Cited by 35
The Impact of Group Norms and Generalization of Risks across Groups on Judgments of War Behavior
Spini, D., Elcheroth, G., & Fasel, R. (2008) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00673.x · Cited by 34
Rethinking ‘Don't Blame the Victim’
Zur, O. (1995) · Journal of Couples Therapy · doi:10.1300/j036v04n03_03 · Cited by 22
'Why do they hate us?' Everyday serbian nationalist knowledge of Muslim hatred
Jansen, S. (2003) · Cited by 19
Revisiting the Scope of Victimology — How Broad a Discipline Should it Be?
Garkawe, S. (2004) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/026975800401100205 · Cited by 17
Jasińska‐Kania, A. (2007) · International Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2753/ijs0020-7659370102 · Cited by 12
Japan’s war crimes: Has justice been served?
Honda, M. M. (2000) · East Asia · doi:10.1007/s12140-000-0010-9 · Cited by 4
Japan’sar responsibility and the Pan-Asian movement for redress and compensation: An overview
Schalow, P. G. (2000) · East Asia · doi:10.1007/s12140-000-0007-4 · Cited by 3
Makiya, K. (1999) · Current History · doi:10.1525/curh.1999.98.625.96 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Stein, 1978, Judaism and the group-fantasy of martyrdom: The psycho-dynamic paradox of survival through persecution, Journal of Psychohistory, 6, 151
- Liebman, 1978, Myth, tradition and values in Israeli society, Midstream, 24, 44
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Collective Trauma and the Social Construction of Meaning
Hirschberger, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01441 · Cited by 581
“, “we are historical victims that continue to survive against all odds”; “it is our responsibility to promote values of acceptance and tolerance”), and then the trauma may have a solidifying and identity building effect as it becomes a central feature in collective memory and group narrative (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
BackgroundNoor, M., Shnabel, N., Halabi, S., & Nadler, A. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868312440048 · Cited by 419
“…sense of victimization, lack of effective nonviolent alternatives, and feelings of oppression and humiliation (Berko & Erez, 2005; Hafez, 2006; see also Bar-Tal & Antebi, 1992; Bar-Tal et al., 2009; Vollhardt, 2009; but see also Ginges & Atran, 2008 for “inertia” effects following humiliation).”
BackgroundHalperin, E., & Bar‐Tal, D. (2011) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343311412642 · Cited by 227
“Following the conceptual and empirical work by Bar-Tal and his colleagues (Bar-Tal & Antebi, 1992; Bar-Tal et al., 2009), the measure consisted of two items that reflect a general sense of victimhood (i.e. ‘The Holocaust is not a one-time event – it will happen again if we do not protect…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationThe social psychology of collective victimhood
Noor, M., Vollhardt, J. R., Mari, S., & Nadler, A. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2300 · Cited by 202
“Assuming the role of the (greater) victim can also entitle groups to justify ingroup violence (Bar-Tal, ChernyakHai, Schori, & Gundar, 2009; Wohl & Branscombe, 2008), including what is viewed as defensive and preemptive violence against perceived threats (Bar-Tal et al., 2009; Ignatieff, 1993).”
BackgroundCompetitive victimhood as a response to accusations of ingroup harm doing.
Sullivan, D., Landau, M. J., Branscombe, N. R., & Rothschild, Z. K. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026573 · Cited by 191
Metadata
- Authors
- Bar-Tal, D., Chernyak-Hai, L., Schori, N., & Gundar, A.
- Venue
- International Review of the Red Cross
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 874
- Pages
- 229-258
- ISSN
- 0020-8604 (ISSN-L)
- 1816-3831
- 1607-5889
- OpenAlex
- W2063245982
- Cited by
- 573
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 23.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Review of the Red Cross (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Memory, History, Trauma, Identity
- Keywords
- collective victimhood, intractable conflict, collective memory, group identity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
