Cited by 573Social and Intergroup PsychologyMemory, violence, and historyMemory, History, Trauma, Identity

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A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood in intractable conflicts

Bar-Tal, Daniel, Chernyak-Hai, Lily, Schori, Noa, Gundar, Ayelet·2009·International Review of the Red Cross

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Abstract

A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood emerges as a major theme in the ethos of conflict of societies involved in intractable conflict and is a fundamental part of the collective memory of the conflict. This sense is defined as a mindset shared by group members that results from a perceived intentional harm with severe consequences, inflicted on the collective by another group. This harm is viewed as undeserved, unjust and immoral, and one that the group could not prevent. The article analyses the nature of the self-perceived collective sense of victimhood in the conflict, its antecedents, the functions that it fulfils for the society and the consequences that result from this view.

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“This sense of collective victimhood helps coping with the recent past and fosters solidarity among Bulgarian Turks (Elcheva, 2005; see Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Functions of collective victimhood
Lynch, O., & Joyce, C. (2018) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/0269758018758396 · Cited by 24
“…victimhood related to the group’s distant history; (b) conflict-related collective victimhood rooted in the contemporary conflict but not a discrete event; and (c) event-related collective victimhood associated with a specific event within the contemporary conflict (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
Background
Experiencing Acknowledgment Versus Denial of the Ingroup’s Collective Victimization
Twali, M. S., Hameiri, B., Vollhardt, J. R., & Nadler, A. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190875190.003.0014 · Cited by 23
Securitization Revisited
Butler, M. J., & Wolf, Z. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429054648 · Cited by 22
Contact and Compromise
Pickett, J. T., Baker, T., Metcalfe, C. F., Gertz, M., & Bellandi, R. (2014) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427814528182 · Cited by 22
“…of Research in Crime and Delinquency 51(5) that the primary victims in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have been the Jewish citizens of Israel (Bar-Tal et al. 2009; Bar-Tal and Teichman 2005; Vollhardt 2009).3 As in the case of punitive attitudes toward criminals, these beliefs should tend…”
Background
We believe in your conspiracy if we distrust you: the role of intergroup distrust in structuring the effect of Islamic identification, competitive victimhood, and group incompatibility on belief in a conspiracy theory
Mashuri, A., & Zaduqisti, E. (2014) · Journal of Tropical Psychology · doi:10.1017/jtp.2014.11 · Cited by 23
Increasing support for concession-making in intractable conflicts: The role of conflict uniqueness.
Kudish, S., Cohen‐Chen, S., & Halperin, E. (2015) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/pac0000074 · Cited by 22
Nagorno-Karabakh: obstacles to the resolution of the frozen conflict
Bláhová, P. (2018) · Asia Europe Journal · doi:10.1007/s10308-018-0527-4 · Cited by 21
“…lasting ceasefire (Smith 1995), as a negative labelling which is performed through assigning the belligerent with stigmatising characteristics or behaviour and as competitive victimhood—a phenomenon of assigning greater importance to the suffering of one group than the other (Bar-Tal et al. 2009).”
Background
Interdisciplinary History of Intercultural Communication Studies
Kulich, S. J., Weng, L., Tong, R., & DuBois, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108854184.006 · Cited by 25
Group-Based Emotions and Support for Reparations: A Meta-analysis
Hakim, N. H., Branscombe, N. R., & Schoemann, A. M. (2021) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00055-9 · Cited by 21
Four moral obligations in the aftermath of historical ingroup victimization
Klar, Y. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.015 · Cited by 21
Collective victimhood beliefs among majority and minority groups: Links to ingroup and outgroup attitudes and attribution of responsibility for conflict
Bağci, S. Ç., Piyale, Z. E., Karaköse, S., & Şen, E. (2018) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.05.003 · Cited by 21
Threats to human rights: A general review
Carriere, K. R. (2019) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v7i1.897 · Cited by 22
Social Categorization and Identity Processes in Uncertainty Management: The Role of Intragroup Communication
Belavadi, S., & Hogg, M. A. (2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0882-614520190000036006 · Cited by 21
The Cambridge Handbook of Intercultural Training
Landis, D., & Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108854184 · Cited by 25
“We didn’t talk about the conflict”: The birthright trip’s influence on Jewish Americans’ understanding of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Hagai, E. B., Whitlatch, A., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2018) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/pac0000289 · Cited by 20
“Collective victimhood is defined based on three features: a belief that the collective was harmed, that this harm was unjust, and that the collective was helpless against this harm (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMethod
When Victimhood Goes to War? Israel and Victim Claims
Markiewicz, T., & Sharvit, K. (2020) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12690 · Cited by 20
“, 2015) that helps collectives to cope with conflict, providing a predictable image of the situation (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluential
Victimhood beliefs are linked to willingness to engage in intergroup contact with the former adversary through empathy and trust
Voca, S., Graf, S., & Rupar, M. (2022) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302221084859 · Cited by 20
“It can serve to justify ingroup violence as provoked by former adversaries and to deny acknowledgment of ingroup crimes (Bar-Tal et al., 2009).”
Background
Locations of God
Brett, M. G. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190060237.001.0001 · Cited by 20
Victims under Siege: Lessons for Polish–Jewish Relations and Beyond
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Authors: Bar-Tal, D., Chernyak-Hai, L., Schori, N., & Gundar, A.
Venue: International Review of the Red Cross
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2009-06
Volume: 91
Issue: 874
Pages: 229-258
ISSN: 0020-8604 (ISSN-L)
1816-3831
1607-5889
DOI: 10.1017/s1816383109990221
OpenAlex: W2063245982
Cited by: 573
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 23.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 175 d)
Locations: International Review of the Red Cross (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Memory, violence, and history
Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Memory, History, Trauma, Identity
Keywords: collective victimhood, intractable conflict, collective memory, group identity

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A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood in intractable conflicts

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