Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Chemical and Biomolecular Sensors
Abstract
We review recent progress in the development of two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PC) materials for chemical and biological sensing applications. Self-assembly methods were developed in our laboratory to fabricate 2-D particle array monolayers on mercury and water surfaces. These hexagonal arrays strongly forward Bragg diffract light to report on their array spacings. By embedding these 2-D arrays onto responsive hydrogel surfaces, 2-D PC sensing materials can be fabricated. The 2-D PC sensors utilize responsive polymer hydrogels that are chemically functionalized to show volume phase transitions in selective response to particular chemical species. Novel hydrogels were also developed in our laboratory by cross-linking proteins while preserving their native structures to maintain their selective binding affinities. The volume phase transitions swell or shrink the hydrogels, which alter their 2-D array spacings, and shift their diffraction wavelengths. These shifts can be visually detected or spectrally measured. These 2-D PC sensing materials have been used for the detection of many analytes, such as pH, surfactants, metal ions, proteins, anionic drugs, and ammonia. We are exploring the use of organogels that use low vapor pressure ionic liquids as their mobile phases for sensing atmospheric analytes.
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Other contact lens-based optical sensors have involved the use of photonic crystal materials in combination with responsive hydrogels or fluorescent dyes for measuring glucose and other target analytes in tears.
“Other contact lens-based optical sensors have involved the use of photonic crystal materials in combination with responsive hydrogels or fluorescent dyes for measuring glucose and other target analytes in tears110-113.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
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- Authors
- Cai, Z., Smith, N. L., Zhang, J.-T., & Asher, S. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Corresponding author
- Asher, Sanford A.
- Venue
- Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-04-27
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5013-5025
- ISSN
- 0003-2700 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6882
- OpenAlex
- W2322761863
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Analytical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency (1-10-1-0044)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photonic Crystals and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Keywords
- two-dimensional photonic crystals, chemical sensors, biosensors, Bragg diffraction, self-assembled monolayers, Mercury surface, water surface, responsive hydrogels, volume phase transition, protein cross-linking, protein hydrogels, pH detection, metal ion sensing, surfactant detection, protein detection, ammonia detection, organogels, ionic liquids
- MeSH terms
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Humans, Biosensing Techniques, Photons, Nanostructures
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