Cited by 1,172Microplastics and Plastic PollutionAnalytical chemistry methods developmentEnvironmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies

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Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

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Ivleva, Natalia P.·2021·Chemical Reviews

DOI 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00178

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Abstract

Microplastics and nanoplastics have become emerging particulate anthropogenic pollutants and rapidly turned into a field of growing scientific and public interest. These tiny plastic particles are found in the environment all around the globe as well as in drinking water and food, raising concerns about their impacts on the environment and human health. To adequately address these issues, reliable information on the ambient concentrations of microplastics and nanoplastics is needed. However, micro- and nanoplastic particles are extremely complex and diverse in terms of their size, shape, density, polymer type, surface properties, etc. While the particle concentrations in different media can vary by up to 10 orders of magnitude, analysis of such complex samples may resemble searching for a needle in a haystack. This highlights the critical importance of appropriate methods for the chemical identification, quantification, and characterization of microplastics and nanoplastics. The present article reviews advanced methods for the representative mass-based and particle-based analysis of microplastics, with a focus on the sensitivity and lower-size limit for detection. The advantages and limitations of the methods, and their complementarity for the comprehensive characterization of microplastics are discussed. A special attention is paid to the approaches for reliable analysis of nanoplastics. Finally, an outlook for establishing harmonized and standardized methods to analyze these challenging contaminants is presented, and perspectives within and beyond this research field are discussed.

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Authors: Ivleva, N. P.
Affiliations: Technical University of Munich (DE)
Corresponding author: Ivleva, Natalia P.
ORCID: Ivleva, Natalia P.
Venue: Chemical Reviews
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2021-08-26
Volume: 121
Issue: 19
Pages: 11886-11936
ISSN: 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
1520-6890
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00178
OpenAlex: W3196228331
Cited by: 1,172
References: 372
Citations by year: 2026: 333 · 2025: 316 · 2024: 245 · 2023: 177 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 6.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Bundesministerium f??r Bildung und Forschung (02WPL1443A, 03F0851B)
Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (AZ-1258-16)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
Keywords: microplastics, nanoplastics, compound identification, quantification, detection sensitivity, detection limit, polymer characterization, environmental pollutants, food contamination, drinking water contamination, analytical method standardization
MeSH terms: Microplastics, Environmental Pollutants, Humans, Plastics, Polymers, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

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