How Wastewater Reflects Human Metabolism─Suspect Screening of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Wastewater Influent
Open accessAbstract
Pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites are contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment. Most monitoring studies focus on a limited set of parent compounds and even fewer metabolites. However, more than 50% of the most consumed pharmaceuticals are excreted in higher amounts as metabolites than as parents, as confirmed by a literature analysis within this study. Hence, we applied a wide-scope suspect screening approach to identify human pharmaceutical metabolites in wastewater influent from three Swiss treatment plants. Based on consumption amounts and human metabolism data, a suspect list comprising 268 parent compounds and over 1500 metabolites was compiled. Online solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the samples. Data processing, annotation, and structure elucidation were achieved with various tools, including molecular networking as well as SIRIUS/CSI:FingerID and MetFrag for MS2 spectra rationalization. We confirmed 37 metabolites with reference standards and 16 by human liver S9 incubation experiments. More than 25 metabolites were detected for the first time in influent wastewater. Semiquantification with MS2Quant showed that metabolite to parent concentration ratios were generally lower compared to literature expectations, probably due to further metabolite transformation in the sewer system or limitations in the metabolite detection. Nonetheless, metabolites pose a large fraction to the total pharmaceutical contribution in wastewater, highlighting the need for metabolite inclusion in chemical risk assessment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The observed relative contribution of trimethoprim appears consistent with the excretion fractions reported in recent environmental studies.
“the relative contribution of trimethoprim that we found appears consistent with the excretion fractions reported in recent environmental studies [2,36].”
From Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
The Results and Discussion section, “Literature vs Monitored Metabolites/Parent Ratios” (page unavailable), compares measured ratios with literature expectations for other pharmaceuticals. Searches for trimethoprim and its excretion fraction returned no passage addressing whether the citing authors’ observed contribution is consistent with a reported fraction. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Wishart, D. S., Feunang, Y. D., Guo, A. C., Lo, E. J., Marcu, A., Grant, J. R., Sajed, T., Johnson, D., Li, C., Sayeeda, Z., et al. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkx1037 · Cited by 8,404 · see citing works
Identifying Small Molecules via High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Communicating Confidence
Schymanski, E. L., Jeon, J., Gulde, R., Fenner, K., Ruff, M., Singer, H. P., & Hollender, J. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es5002105 · Cited by 4,519 · see citing works
Self-citationZanger, U. M., & Schwab, M. (2013) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007 · Cited by 4,169 · see citing works
Pluskal, T., Castillo, S., Villar‐Briones, A., & Orešič, M. (2010) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-395 · Cited by 3,852 · see citing works
MS-DIAL: data-independent MS/MS deconvolution for comprehensive metabolome analysis
Tsugawa, H., Čajka, T., Kind, T., Ma, Y., Higgins, B. T., Ikeda, K., Kanazawa, M., VanderGheynst, J. S., Fiehn, O., & Arita, M. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3393 · Cited by 3,423 · see citing works
PaDEL‐descriptor: An open source software to calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints
Yap, C. W. (2010) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.21707 · Cited by 2,979 · see citing works
MassBank: a public repository for sharing mass spectral data for life sciences
Horai, H., Arita, M., Kanaya, S., Nihei, Y., Ikeda, T., Suwa, K., Ojima, Y., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S., Aoshima, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/jms.1777 · Cited by 2,529 · see citing works
SIRIUS 4: a rapid tool for turning tandem mass spectra into metabolite structure information
Dührkop, K., Fleischauer, M., Ludwig, M., Aksenov, A. A., Melnik, A. V., Meusel, M., Dorrestein, P. C., Rousu, J., & Böcker, S. (2019) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0344-8 · Cited by 2,088 · see citing works
Searching molecular structure databases with tandem mass spectra using CSI:FingerID
Dührkop, K., Shen, H., Meusel, M., Rousu, J., & Böcker, S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1509788112 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
MetFrag relaunched: incorporating strategies beyond in silico fragmentation
Ruttkies, C., Schymanski, E., Wolf, S., Hollender, J., & Neumann, S. (2016) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-016-0115-9 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Reproducible molecular networking of untargeted mass spectrometry data using GNPS
Aron, A. T., Gentry, E. C., McPhail, K. L., Nothias-Scaglia, L.-F., Nothias-Esposito, M., Bouslimani, A., Petras, D., Gauglitz, J. M., Sikora, N. C., Vargas, F., et al. (2020) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-020-0317-5 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Quantitative structure—chromatographic retention relationships
Kaliszan, R. (1988) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0223-5234(88)90180-8 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
The Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible and collaborative biomedical analyses: 2020 update
Jalili, V., Afgan, E., Gu, Q., Clements, D., Blankenberg, D. J., Goecks, J., Taylor, J., & Nekrutenko, A. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa434 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Succinate, an intermediate in metabolism, signal transduction, ROS, hypoxia, and tumorigenesis.
Tretter, L., Patócs, A., & Chinopoulos, C. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.012 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
QSRR: Quantitative Structure-(Chromatographic) Retention Relationships
Kaliszan, R. (2007) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr068412z · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Gatto, L., & Lilley, K. S. (2011) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr645 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Design of integrated system for heterogeneous network query terminal
Gao, Y. U., Chen, Y., & Guo, Y. (2009) · Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.02191 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Peña, O. I. G., Zavala, M. Á. L., & Ruelas, H. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052532 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Gago-Ferrero, P., Bletsou, A. A., Damalas, D. E., Aalizadeh, R., Alygizakis, N. A., Singer, H. P., Hollender, J., & Thomaidis, N. S. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121712 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationKiefer, K., Müller, A., Singer, H., & Hollender, J. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.114972 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Moschet, C., Piazzoli, A., Singer, H., & Hollender, J. (2013) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac4021598 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Aalizadeh, R., Alygizakis, ., Schymanski, E., Krauss, M. K. V., Schulze, T., Ibáñez, M., McEachran, A. D., Chao, A., Williams, A. J., Gago-Ferrero, P., et al. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02348 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Perez De Souza, L., Alseekh, S., Brotman, Y., & Fernie, A. R. (2020) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1080/14789450.2020.1766975 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Empowering large chemical knowledge bases for exposomics: PubChemLite meets MetFrag
Schymanski, E., Kondić, T., Neumann, S., Thiessen, P. A., Zhang, J., & Bolton, E. (2021) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-021-00489-0 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Alygizakis, N., Lestremau, F., Gago-Ferrero, P., Gil-Solsona, R., Arturi, K., Hollender, J., Schymanski, E. L., Dulio, V., Slobodnik, J., & Thomaidis, N. S. (2023) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.116944 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationSchollée, J. E., Schymanski, E., Stravs, M. A., Gulde, R., Τhomaidis, Ν. S., & Hollender, J. (2017) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1007/s13361-017-1797-6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Yan, Z., Caldwell, G. W., Jones, W. J., & Masucci, J. A. (2003) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.1071 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Biotransformation of irbesartan in man.
Chando, T. J., Everett, D. W., KAHLE, A. D., Starrett, A. M., Vachharajani, N. N., Shyu, W. C., Kripalani, K. J., & Barbhaiya, R. H. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Kruve, A., Kiefer, K., & Hollender, J. (2021) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-020-03109-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Assessment of Metabolic Stability Using the Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) Liver S9 Fraction
Johanning, K. M., Hancock, G. A., Escher, B. I., Adekola, A., Bernhard, M. J., Cowan‐Ellsberry, C., Domoradzki, J. Y., Dyer, S. D., Eickhoff, C. V., Embry, M. R., et al. (2012) · Current Protocols in Toxicology · doi:10.1002/0471140856.tx1410s53 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sepman, H., Malm, L., Peets, P., MacLeod, M., Martin, J. W., Breitholtz, M., & Kruve, A. (2023) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01744 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Choi, Y., Kim, K., Kim, D., Moon, H.-B., & Jeon, J. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113792 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
SLAW: A Scalable and Self-Optimizing Processing Workflow for Untargeted LC-MS
Delabrière, A., Warmer, P., Brennsteiner, V., & Zamboni, N. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02687 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Nontarget analysis: A new tool for the evaluation of wastewater processes
Nürenberg, G., Kunkel, U., Wick, A., Falås, P., Joss, A., & Ternes, T. A. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.009 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mohammadi, M., Ramezani‐Jolfaie, N., Lorzadeh, E., Khoshbakht, Y., & Salehi‐Abargouei, A. (2019) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6264 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wu, G., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Ren, H., Wang, Y., Yu, Q., Wei, S., & Geng, J. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.119509 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Jewell, K. S., Wick, A., & Ternes, T. A. (2013) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Determination and occurrence of sulfonamide transformation products in surface waters
Cui, H., Chang, H., Zheng, H., & Wan, Y. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146562 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Souihi, A., Mohai, M. P., Palm, E. H., Malm, L., & Kruve, A. (2022) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462867 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Godejohann, M., Berset, J.-D., & Muff, D. (2011) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.051 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Li, R., Liang, C., Svendsen, S. B., Kisielius, V., & Bester, K. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.119352 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Huber, C. E., Müller, E., Schulze, T., Brack, W., & Krauss, M. K. V. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00972 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fabregat‐Safont, D., Botero-Coy, A. M., Nieto-Juárez, J. I., Torres-Palma, R. A., & Hernández, F. J. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139375 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yuan, L., Xu, X., & Ji, Q. C. (2020) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2020-0055 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Huber, C. E., Krauss, M. K. V., Reinstadler, V., Denicolò, S., Mayer, G. J., Schulze, T., Brack, W., & Oberacher, H. (2022) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-022-03899-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Scheurer, M., Nödler, K., Schmid, R., & Schaffer, M. (2023) · Vom Wasser · doi:10.1002/vomw.202300001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Csárdi G.; Nepusz T.; Traag V.; Horvát S.; Zanini F.; Noom D.; Müller K. Igraph: Network Analysis and Visualization in R. 2023. https://cran.r-project.org/package=igraph. PMC13436765 42550872
- Benzophenone. 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373188/ (accessed January 26, 2024).
- Opie L. H.; Pfeffer M. A. Drugs for the Heart, 7th ed.; Opie L. H., Bernard J. G., Braunwald E., Walker J., Eds.; Saunders, 2008.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wada, O. Z., & Olawade, D. B. (2025) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144153 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Xu, H., Khan, M. S., Han, S., & Zhu, S. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2025.2488808 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“With annual consumption of pharmacologically active substances estimated to surpass several hundred kilotons, the World Health Organization has cautioned that pharmaceutical wastewater has become a serious global issue (Meyer et al., 2024).”
Iroegbu, A. O. C., Lethabane, M. L., Sadiku, E. R., Meijboom, R., & Hlangothi, S. P. (2025) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-025-00514-x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Hu, J., Lyu, Y., Liu, Y., You, X., Helbling, D. E., & Sun, W. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c12926 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Carneiro, R., Nika, M., Gil-Solsona, R., Diamanti, K. S., Thomaidis, N., Corominas, L., & Gago-Ferrero, P. (2024) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05596-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“However, few studies [6, 18–21] have been undertaken to measure human biomarkers of exposure to harmful chemicals in sewage.”
Yu, L., Lin, Y., Li, J., Deng, C., Zhang, R., Liu, A., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wei, X., Lü, D., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c00125 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Meyer, C., McArdell, C. S., Fenner, K., Joss, A., & Hollender, J. (2025) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123983 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Yang, Y.-Y., Zhang, Q., Covaci, A., Liu, Y.-N., Xiao, Y.-L., Xiao, Y., Zhang, S.-W., Jiang, X., & Xia, X.-H. (2025) · Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c12910 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Qian, Y., Ke, Y., Wang, L., Yu, N., He, Y., Yu, Q., Wei, S., Ren, H., & Geng, J. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c13144 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Haalck, I., Krauss, M. K. V., Brack, W., & Huber, C. E. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c02486 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Meyer, C., Kronsbein, P. M., Rougé, V., von Gunten, U., McArdell, C. S., & Hollender, J. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c08128 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Zhu, J., Mai, W., Chen, Z., Xie, Y., Fu, S., Xia, D., Cai, C., Zheng, W., Liu, J., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c14425 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Silent Side Effects: Pharmaceuticals as Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Ashfield, N., Li, J., Bouzas‐Monroy, A., & Boxall, A. B. A. (2025) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-111523-101837 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kalt, M., Ceppi, E., Robinson, S. L., & Fenner, K. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.125283 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yuan, R., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Yu, M., Hou, X., & Gh, J. (2026) · Environment & Health · doi:10.1021/envhealth.5c00520 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Implementation of Machine Learning for Environmental Nontarget Identification
Bao, Q., Yu, N., Jiang, Q., Wang, X. Y., Jiao, Z., & Wei, S. (2025) · Environment & Health · doi:10.1021/envhealth.5c00091 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tracing Pharmaceuticals in Water Systems: Focus on Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Treatments
Paíga, P., & Delerue-Matos, C. M. (2024) · Journal of Xenobiotics · doi:10.3390/jox14040096 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“In 2024, Meyer et al. [66] revealed that metabolites represent a significant portion of the pharmaceutical load in wastewater, emphasizing the critical need to include these compounds in chemical risk assessments.”
Pharmaceuticals in Water: Fate, Health Risks, Treatment and Governance for Sustainable Management
Arumugam, A., Lee, K. E., Ng, P. Y., Shamsuddin, A. S., Zulkifli, A., & Goh, T. L. (2026) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-026-09479-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Following administration, a significant proportion of pharmaceuticals is excreted by humans and animals as unmetabolised compounds or active metabolites (Meyer et al., 2024).”
Ahmad, I. N., Pal, S., Waseem, M., Jamal, A., Kamal, M. A., Ahmad, F., Haji, E. M., Siddiqui, S., & Singh, A. K. (2025) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106901 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rich, S. L., & Helbling, D. E. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c09535 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Carneiro, R. B., Takeda, P. Y., Dias, M. E. S., Nogueira, E. W., Zaiat, M., & Santos‐Neto, Á. J. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.115654 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen, L., Meng, X., Zhou, X., Wang, J., Fu, Y., Wang, S., Ma, Y., & Shen, Z. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147085 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A resource to empirically establish drug exposure records directly from untargeted metabolomics data
Zhao, H. N., Kvitne, K. E., Brungs, C., Mohan, S., Charron‐Lamoureux, V., Bittremieux, W., Tang, R., Schmid, R., Lamichhane, S., Xing, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65993-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Untangling transformation products in a semi-closed sea by nontarget and suspect screening analysis
Feng, X., Wang, H., Li, T., Liu, R., & Jiang, G. (2025) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.124247 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tu, K., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Li, W., Xu, Z., Qia, C., & Yu, Y. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c14774 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wongcharoen, S., Janbooranapinij, K., & Panomsuwan, G. (2025) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5nj02359a · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Meyer, C., Bär, M. L., & Hollender, J. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109709 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In contrast, previous work on pharmaceuticals has yielded more robust metabolite identifications due to their greater structural diversity and higher heteroatom content, which produce more informative and specific fragmentation patterns (Meyer et al., 2024).”
Cervi, G., & Correra, T. C. (2026) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1021/jasms.5c00356 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cabana, L. A., Arcas, A., Heras, I. L., de Santiago, A., & Meffe, R. (2026) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5c04907 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“46 Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, rabeprazole sulfide (TP of the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole) as well as ranolazine and its TPs ( o -sesarylranolazine and N -(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1- piperazineacetamide) have not been previously reported in the environment.”
Browsing FAIR Transformation Product Information with FAIR-TPs
Mayahi, B., Palm, E. H., & Schymanski, E. (2026) · ACS Environmental Au · doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00314 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pharmaceutical Micropollutants in Wastewater: A Case Study of the Mascara WWTP (Algeria)
Saim, S., Mokrani, S., & Martínez-Alcalá, I. M. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13103205 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Their persistence is problematic because, even at trace concentrations, PhACs may contribute to antibiotic resistance [13], disrupt endocrine functions [14], or bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs, thereby posing risks to ecosystems and human health [15].”
Li, X., Yang, T., Tan, J., Kuang, H., Liang, W., & Peng, X. (2025) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466322 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gupta, Y., & Philip, L. (2025) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-025-36895-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Over 50% of consumed antibiotics are excreted in parent or metabolite forms, leading to significant wastewater contamination (Meyer et al. 2024).”
Graves, L. G., Zarfl, C., Hirsch, T., Vitale, G. A., Petras, D., & Spahr, S. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c15195 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fate and transformation of pharmaceutical residues: environment and human health implications
Prakash, O., Patil, Y., Rao, P., Dhanorkar, M. N., Singh, P., Kaul-Ghanekar, R., Chopra, A., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, A. S., & Dushing, K. (2026) · Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability · doi:10.1080/26395940.2026.2648195 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, D., Cheng, F., Cui, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, J., Li, X., Chen, X., & Yu, Z. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c16171 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Khan, A. A., Hossain, M. E., Bhatti, S. A., Tanoli, W. A., Rahman, A., & Yusuf, M. (2026) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2026.106395 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hof, M. A. J., de Haan, H., Stepanovic, S., Bakker, S. J. L., Hak, E., Hopfgartner, G., Klont, F., & Investigators, T. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15070473 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mora, E. M., Mora, E. J. C., Barrios-Hernández, M. L., & Chacón, L. (2025) · Water science and technology library · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87461-1_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Polymer/Titania Composites for the Remediation of Water from Pharmaceuticals: A Review
Kraskouski, A. N., Nealy, S. L., & Kharlampieva, E. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c09526 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Carneiro, R. B., Nogueira, E. W., Sabatini, C. A., Zaiat, M., & Santos‐Neto, Á. J. (2026) · Chromatographia · doi:10.1007/s10337-025-04475-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Karakurt, S., Greskowiak, J., Fenner, K., McArdell, C. S., Böhler, M., & Joss, A. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c04768 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Han, C. L., & Lay, J.-J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5356246 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Han, C. L., & Lay, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5263388
Mechanism of environmental toxicity of emerging contaminants
Patil, Y., Gade, S. M., & Bhanage, B. M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34270-7.00025-0
Feng, X., Wang, Z., Xu, W. Z., Li, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhu, B. L., He, C., & Liu, R. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5c01229
Han, S., Hof, M. A. J., Bakker, S. J. L., Gérard Hopfgartner, D., Hak, E., & Klont, F. (2026) · Environments · doi:10.3390/environments13040179
Direct photolysis of tiapride in water: deep insights into desulfonation reaction
Bertolotti, S., Mamadou, D., Voyard, G., Fenoglio, S., Carena, L., Brigante, M., Sarakha, M., & Minella, M. (2026) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-026-00882-4
Lorkiewicz, P. K., Chen, J., Hoetker, D., Talley, D., Anderson, L. B., Dusterhoff, A., Holm, R. H., Smith, T., & Srivastava, S. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110293
Qian, Y., Wu, G., Wei, S., & Geng, J. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.177564
Chen, Y.-C., Lao, I.-H., Hsu, J.-Y., Lin, Y., Chu, C.-J., Lin, Y., Tsai, Y.-J., & Liao, P. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110336
Tan, M., Liu, H., Cao, X., Huang, Y., Xie, Y., Zhang, D., Zhao, B., Li, K., & Xie, D. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110395
He, K., Yuan, J., Lin, Y., Shi, N., Tang, K., Wang, H. B., Echigo, S., & Liu, W. T. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128653
Luo, A., Shi, X., Cao, Y., Cai, H., Ma, T., Feng, Y., Fang, Z. D., & He, W. (2026) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d6nj01491g
Shao, Z., & Shi, Z.-X. (2026) · Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability · doi:10.1080/26395940.2026.2709194
One Health water-based epidemiology: The chemical perspective
Byrnes, N. A., Beaney, J., Ceolotto, N., Elabbadi, D., Elliss, H., Faill, B., Hawkins, E., Ranathunge, B., & Kasprzyk‐Hordern, B. (2026) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2026.119051
Yazzie, M. T., Zhao, H. N., Antoninka, A. J., Abrell, L. M., Petras, D., Tsosie, E. N., Bacy, I. J., Gurfield, K. M., Propper, C. R., Aron, A. T., et al. (2026) · ACS Environmental Au · doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00155
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues
Richardson, S. D., & Kimura, S. Y. (2026) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6c02032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Contaminants of emerging concern in treated wastewater: a threat to sustainable agricultural reuse?
Santos, O. D., Luz, T. M. R., Sousa, H., Ribeiro, A. R. L., Aires, L. M. I., Ispolnov, K., & Vieira, J. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101569
Jang, H., Kang, D., & Jeon, J. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143711
Meyer, C., Braxmaier, E.-M., Finckh, S., Velazco, A. M. C., Krauss, M. K. V., Brack, W., Huber, C., Elliss, H., Faill, B., Kasprzyk‐Hordern, B., et al. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.127008
Wang, A.-G., Zhang, J., Peng, H.-H., Xiang-ying, Z., Xu, M.-Y., Yu, Z.-Q., & Peng, P. (2026) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467504
Hayat, A., Duarte, J. L. S., Domínguez, C. M., Santos, A., & Cotillas, S. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101654
Kalt, M., Полторак, В. В., Mastrorilli, E., Ceppi, E., Yu, Y., Zimmermann, M. B., Sunagawa, S., Robinson, S. L., & Fenner, K. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.127197
- Authors
- Meyer, C., Stravs, M. A., & Hollender, J.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Hollender, Juliane
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2024-05-24
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 9828-9839
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- PMC
- PMC11154963
- OpenAlex
- W4398768060
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
- Funders
- HORIZON EUROPE Health (101057014)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- drug metabolites, wastewater treatment plant influent, suspect screening, human metabolism, emerging contaminants, molecular networking, chemical risk assessment, wastewater treatment plants
- MeSH terms
- Chromatography, Liquid, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Solid Phase Extraction, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Wastewater
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
