The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Direct Observation of the Fine Aromatic Clusters and Molecular Structures of Biochars
Open accessAbstract
Biochar is a promising carbon material to improve soil quality and relieve global warming by adding it into soil. Though biochar has been used for millennia as a soil ingredient, fundamental studies on the structure of biochar have only recently attracted great interest, and molecular-level structures are being pursued. In this study, by applying solvent exfoliation, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with Cs-correction and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, we report, for the first time, an atomic-level observation of the fine aromatic cluster and molecular structure of the exfoliated biochars. The observed aromatic clusters are generally smaller than 5 nm and decorate the graphene-like aggregates at different depths. The Stone-Wales transformation in the dispersed biochars was observed, which is critical to form carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and other carbon nanostructures in the natural environment. In addition, the C-C bond length decreases as the pyrolysis temperature increases from 500 to 700 °C, indicating that aliphatic carbon transforms into aromatic carbon. The quaternary structure of biochar, including heterogeneous phases, graphene-like aggregates, nanosized aromatic clusters, and atomic arrangements, is conceptualized to enhance our knowledge of the biochar structure, which greatly aids in understanding the novel functions of biochar and offers a molecular guide for potential applications of biochar.
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Cites
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Cited by
Zhu, S., Huang, X., Ma, F., Wang, L., Duan, X., & Wang, S. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b01817 · Cited by 1,179
Xiao, X., Chen, B., Chen, Z., Zhu, L., & Schnoor, J. L. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b06487 · Cited by 914
Self-citationGhodake, G. S., Shinde, S. K., Kadam, A. A., Saratale, R. G., Saratale, G. D., Kumar, M., Palem, R. R., AL-Shwaiman, H. A., Elgorban, A. M., Syed, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126645 · Cited by 414
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pH Dependence of Arsenic Oxidation by Rice-Husk-Derived Biochar: Roles of Redox-Active Moieties
Zhong, D., Jiang, Y., Zhao, Z., Wang, L., Chen, J., Ren, S., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Tsang, D. C. W., & Crittenden, J. C. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00756 · Cited by 288
Metadata
- Authors
- Xiao, X., & Chen, B.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-04-26
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5473-5482
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2606417400
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 7.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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