Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars
Abstract
Chars originating from the burning or pyrolysis of vegetation may significantly sorb neutral organic contaminants (NOCs). To evaluate the relationship between the char composition and NOC sorption, a series of char samples were generated by pyrolyzing a wheat residue (Triticum aestivum L.) for 6 h at temperatures between 300 degrees C and 700 degrees C and analyzed for their elemental compositions, surface areas, and surface functional groups. The samples were then studied for their abilities to sorb benzene and nitrobenzene from water. A commercial activated carbon was used as a reference carbonaceous sample. The char samples produced at high pyrolytic temperatures (500-700 degrees C) were well carbonized and exhibited a relatively high surface area (>300 m2/g), little organic matter (<3%), and low oxygen content (< or = 10%). By contrast, the chars formed at low temperatures (300-400 degrees C) were only partially carbonized, showing significantly different properties (<200 m2/g surface area, 40-50% organic carbon, and >20% oxygen). The char samples exhibited a significant range of surface acidity/basicity because of their different surface polar-group contents, as characterized by the Boehm titration data and the NMR and FTIR spectra. The NOC sorption by high-temperature chars occurred almost exclusively by surface adsorption on carbonized surfaces, whereas the sorption by low-temperature chars resulted from the surface adsorption and the concurrent smaller partition into the residual organic-matter phase. The chars appeared to have a higher surface affinity for a polar solute (nitrobenzene) than for a nonpolar solute (benzene), the difference being related to the surface acidity/basicity of the char samples.
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Chun et al. studied pyrolysis of wheat residue to produce biochar at 300-700 °C, resulting in biochar with a specific surface area in the range of 309-438 m2/g.
“Chun et al. [36] studied the pyrolysis of wheat residue to produce biochar at a temperature range of 300-700 • C, resulting in the production of biochar with a specific surface area in the range of 309-438 m 2 /g.”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Chun, Y., Sheng, G., Chiou, C. T., & Xing, B.
- Affiliations
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China, U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, MS 408, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, and Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sheng, Guangyao
- ORCID
- Xing, Baoshan
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-07-23
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4649-4655
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2137495760
- Cited by
- 1,079
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials
- Keywords
- benzene, nitrobenzene, surface functional groups, pyrolysis temperature, surface adsorption, activated carbon comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Benzene, Charcoal, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrobenzenes, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Reference Standards, Soil Pollutants, Surface Properties, Triticum, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Crops, Agricultural
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