The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Degradation of PFOA Substitute: GenX (HFPO–DA Ammonium Salt): Oxidation with UV/Persulfate or Reduction with UV/Sulfite?
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO–DA, ammonium salt with trade name: GenX) has been recently detected in river water worldwide. There are significant concerns about its persistence, and potential adverse effects to the biota. In this study, the degradability of GenX by typical advanced redox technologies (UV/persulfate and UV/sulfate) is investigated. Results demonstrate that <5% GenX is oxidized after 3 h in UV/persulfate system, which is much lower than ∼27% for PFOA. In comparison, GenX can be readily degraded and defluorinated by hydrated electron (e aq – ) generated by UV/sulfite system. Specifically, GenX is not detectable after 2 h, and >90% of fluoride ion is recovered 6 h later. This is attributed to the accumulation and subsequent degradation of CF 3 CF 2 COOH and CF 3 COOH, which are stable intermediates of GenX degradation. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the etheric bond in the molecule is a favorable attack point for the e aq – . Such finding is corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. The side CF 3 - at the α-carbon probably acts as an effective barrier that prevents GenX from being cleaved by SO 4 – • or OH• at its most sensible point (i.e. the carboxyl group). This study illustrates that reduction by UV/sulfite might be a promising technology to remove GenX from contaminated water.
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Half-Lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after End of Exposure to Contaminated Drinking Water
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Cited by
Cui, J., Gao, P., & Deng, Y. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05565 · Cited by 742
Yang, L., He, L., Xue, J., Ma, Y., Xie, Z., Wu, L., Huang, M., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122405 · Cited by 303
Zhang, C., Hopkins, Z. R., McCord, J., Strynar, M. J., & Knappe, D. R. U. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00525 · Cited by 202
Liu, Z., Bentel, M. J., Yu, Y., Ren, C., Gao, J., Pulikkal, V. F., Sun, M., Men, Y., & Liu, J. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00353 · Cited by 198
Remediation of water from per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)–Challenges and perspectives
Garg, S., Wang, J., Kumar, P., Mishra, V., Arafat, H., Sharma, R. S., & Dumée, L. F. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105784 · Cited by 139
Metadata
- Authors
- Bao, Y., Deng, S., Jiang, X., Qu, Y., He, Y., Liu, L., Chai, Q., Mumtaz, M., Huang, J., Cagnetta, G., & Yu, G.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-09-27
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 11728-11734
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2889869833
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 11.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- The paper
- Bao, Y., Deng, S., Jiang, X., Qu, Y., He, Y., Liu, L., Chai, Q., Mumtaz, M., Huang, J., Cagnetta, G., & Yu, G. (2018). Degradation of PFOA Substitute: GenX (HFPO–DA Ammonium Salt): Oxidation with UV/Persulfate or Reduction with UV/Sulfite? Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02172
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