Integrating Dynamic Material Flow Analysis and Computable General Equilibrium Models for Both Mass and Monetary Balances in Prospective Modeling: A Case for the Chinese Building Sector
Open accessAbstract
Integrated Assessment Models based on Computable General Equilibrium (IAM/CGE) and dynamic Material Flow Analysis (dynamic MFA) are two most widely used prospective model families to assess large-scale and long-term socioeconomic metabolism (SEM) and inform sustainable SEM transition. The latter approach could complement the former by a more explicit understanding of service provision, in-use stocks, and material cycles in a mass balanced framework. In this paper, we demonstrated this by integrating the dynamic MFA and CGE model approaches for the Chinese building sector from 2012 to 2030. Our results revealed the impacts of building stock dynamics on sectoral and economy-wide CO 2 emissions: lower service saturation levels and later saturation time of building stock development could free up investment on buildings and accumulatively save up to 25.4 Gt in embodied CO 2 emissions of the building construction sector, representing a 2.7-fold of 2012 countrywide CO 2 emissions. However, the save-ups are partly compensated by an increase of embodied CO 2 emissions in the other sectors due to economy-wide rebound effect (ca. 18.8 Gt or about 74%). The integrated model we developed could help ensure both mass and monetary balances, explore rebound effects in prospective modeling, and thus better understand the economy-wide consequences of infrastructure development.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Paustian, K. H., Ravindranath, N. H., & van Amstel, A. R. (2006) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 6,706 · see citing works
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
(2022) · doi:10.5040/9781509934058.0025 · Cited by 6,562 · see citing works
Recent developments in life cycle assessment
Finnveden, G., Hauschild, M. Z., Ekvall, T., Guinée, J., Heijungs, R., Hellweg, S., Koehler, A., Pennington, D., & Suh, S. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.06.018 · Cited by 3,444 · see citing works
Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108676212 · Cited by 2,841 · see citing works
Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China
Liu, Z., Guan, D., Wei, W., Davis, S. J., Ciais, P., Bai, J. F., Peng, S., Zhang, Q., Hubacek, K., Marland, G., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14677 · Cited by 1,659 · see citing works
Wiedmann, T. (2009) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.08.026 · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Hertwich, E. G., Gibon, T., Bouman, E. A., Arvesen, A., Suh, S., Heath, G. A., Bergesen, J. D., Ramírez, A., Vega‐Coloma, M., & Shi, L. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1312753111 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., Lauk, C., Haas, W., Tanikawa, H., Fishman, T., Miatto, A., Schandl, H., & Haberl, H. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1613773114 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Metabolism of the Anthroposphere
Baccini, P., & Brunner, P. H. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02693-9 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Consumption and the Rebound Effect: An Industrial Ecology Perspective
Hertwich, E. G. (2005) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1162/1088198054084635 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Schandl, H., Hatfield–Dodds, S., Wiedmann, T., Geschke, A., Cai, Y., West, J., Newth, D., Baynes, T., Manfred Lenzen, A., & Owen, A. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.100 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Stock dynamics for forecasting material flows—Case study for housing in The Netherlands
B. Müller, D. (2006) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.09.025 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Methodology and Indicators of Economy‐wide Material Flow Accounting
Fischer‐Kowalski, M., Krausmann, F., Giljum, S., Lutter, S., Mayer, A. C. R., Bringezu, S., Moriguchi, Y., Schütz, H., Schandl, H., & Weisz, H. (2011) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00366.x · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Economic Impacts from PM 2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects in China: A Provincial-Level Analysis
Xie, Y., Dai, H., Dong, H., Hanaoka, T., & Masui, T. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05576 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationStock dynamics and emission pathways of the global aluminium cycle
Liu, G., Bangs, C. E., & Müller, D. B. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1698 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of in-use stocks in the social metabolism and in climate change mitigation
Pauliuk, S., & Müller, D. B. (2013) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.11.006 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationIndustrial ecology in integrated assessment models
Pauliuk, S., Arvesen, A., Stadler, K., & Hertwich, E. G. (2017) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3148 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a sustainable materials system
Olivetti, E., & Cullen, J. M. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat6821 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
The Roles of Energy and Material Efficiency in Meeting Steel Industry CO <sub>2</sub> Targets
Milford, R. L., Pauliuk, S., Allwood, J. M., & Müller, D. B. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3031424 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationStocks and Flows of PBDEs in Products from Use to Waste in the U.S. and Canada from 1970 to 2020
Abbasi, G., Buser, A. M., Soehl, A., Murray, M. W., & Diamond, M. L. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es504007v · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Outlook of the World Steel Cycle Based on the Stock and Flow Dynamics
Hatayama, H., Daigo, I., Matsuno, Y., & Adachi, Y. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es100044n · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Moving Toward the Circular Economy: The Role of Stocks in the Chinese Steel Cycle
Pauliuk, S., Wang, T., & Müller, D. B. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es201904c · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationDai, H., Masui, T., Matsuoka, Y., & Fujimori, S. (2012) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.08.023 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationDai, H., Masui, T., Matsuoka, Y., & Fujimori, S. (2011) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.062 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamic substance flow analysis: the delaying mechanism of stocks, with the case of PVC in Sweden
Kleijn, R., Huele, R., & van der Voet, E. (2000) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(99)00090-7 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The Material Stock–Flow–Service Nexus: A New Approach for Tackling the Decoupling Conundrum
Haberl, H., Wiedenhofer, D., Erb, K., Görg, C., & Krausmann, F. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9071049 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Centennial Evolution of Aluminum In-Use Stocks on Our Aluminized Planet
Liu, G., & Müller, D. B. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es305108p · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationIn-use product stocks link manufactured capital to natural capital
Chen, W., & Graedel, T. E. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1406866112 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Sustainable development: socio‐economic metabolism and colonization of nature
Fischer‐Kowalski, M., & Haberl, H. (1998) · International Social Science Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-2451.00169 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Predicting future emissions based on characteristics of stocks
van der Voet, E., Kleijn, R., Huele, R., Ishikawa, M., & Verkuijlen, E. (2002) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(02)00028-9 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The role of automobiles for the future of aluminum recycling
Modaresi, R., & Müller, D. B. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es300648w · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Long-Term Strategies for Increased Recycling of Automotive Aluminum and Its Alloying Elements
Løvik, A. N., Modaresi, R., & Müller, D. B. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es405604g · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Elaborating the History of Our Cementing Societies: An in-Use Stock Perspective
Cao, Z., Shen, L., Løvik, A. N., Müller, D. B., & Liu, G. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b03077 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental Impacts of Capital Formation
Södersten, C., Wood, R. A., & Hertwich, E. G. (2017) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12532 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Endogenizing Capital in MRIO Models: The Implications for Consumption-Based Accounting
Södersten, C., Wood, R. A., & Hertwich, E. G. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02791 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Dynamics of urban and rural housing stocks in China
Hu, M., Bergsdal, H., van der Voet, E., Huppes, G., & Müller, D. B. (2010) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613211003729988 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Short-Lived Buildings in China: Impacts on Water, Energy, and Carbon Emissions
Cai, W., Wan, L., Jiang, Y., Wang, C., & Lin, L. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02333 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Toward a Low Carbon–Dematerialization Society
Shi, F., Huang, T., Tanikawa, H., Han, J., Hashimoto, S., & Moriguchi, Y. (2012) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00523.x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Pauliuk, S., Sjöstrand, K., & Müller, D. B. (2013) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00571.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationSimulation of the evolution of the Chinese building and infrastructure stock
Yang, W., & Kohler, N. (2007) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613210701702883 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The future of copper in China—A perspective based on analysis of copper flows and stocks
Zhang, L., Cai, Z., Yang, J., Yuan, Z., & Chen, Y. (2015) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.021 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Winning, M., Calzadilla, A., Bleischwitz, R., & Nechifor, V. (2017) · International Economics and Economic Policy · doi:10.1007/s10368-017-0385-3 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A General System Structure and Accounting Framework for Socioeconomic Metabolism
Pauliuk, S., Majeau‐Bettez, G., & Müller, D. B. (2015) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12306 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationA Probabilistic Dynamic Material Flow Analysis Model for Chinese Urban Housing Stock
Cao, Z., Shen, L., Zhong, S., Liu, L., Kong, H., & Sun, Y. (2017) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12579 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, L., & Wania, F. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.005 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
A Socio-economic Metabolism Approach to Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation
Baynes, T., & Müller, D. B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20571-7_6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Weber, C., Koyama, M., & Kraines, S. B. (2006) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.12.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kagawa, S., Kudoh, Y., Nansai, K., & Tasaki, T. (2008) · Economic Systems Research · doi:10.1080/09535310801890615 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Co-benefit of carbon mitigation on resource use in China
Wang, H., Dai, H., Dong, L., Xie, Y., Geng, Y., Yue, Q., Ma, F., Jian, W., & Du, T. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.070 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationZhong, S., Shen, L., Sha, J., Okiyama, M., Tokunaga, S., Liu, L., & Yan, J. (2015) · Water · doi:10.3390/w7073431 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hertwich, E. G., Ali, S., Ciacci, L., Fishman, T., Heeren, N., Masanet, E., Asghari, F. N., Olivetti, E., Pauliuk, S., Tu, Q., et al. (2019) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab0fe3 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationCarbon footprint of construction industry: A global review and supply chain analysis
Onat, N. C., & Küçükvar, M. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109783 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Lin, B., & Jia, Z. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134241 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Seck, G. S., Hache, E., Bonnet, C., Simoën, M., & Carcanague, S. (2020) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105072 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“, households, producers, and the government), representing flows of goods and services in a market-based economy (Cao et al., 2019).”
Bataille, C., Nilsson, L. J., & Jotzo, F. (2021) · Energy and Climate Change · doi:10.1016/j.egycc.2021.100059 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Multi-objective energy planning for China's dual carbon goals
Jia, X., Zhang, Y., Tan, R. R., Li, Z., Wang, S., Wang, F., & Fang, K. (2022) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.10.009 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Bashmakov, I., Nilsson, L. J., Acquaye, A. A., Bataille, C., Cullen, J., du Can, S. D. L. R., Fischedick, M., Geng, Y., & Tanaka, K. (2022) · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · doi:10.2172/1973106 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Seck, G. S., Hache, E., & Barnet, C. (2021) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102516 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Pauliuk, S., Fishman, T., Heeren, N., Berrill, P., Tu, Q., Wolfram, P., & Hertwich, E. G. (2020) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.13023 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationModelling the bioeconomy: Emerging approaches to address policy needs
Pyka, A., Cardellini, G., van Meijl, H., & Verkerk, P. J. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129801 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Hang, Y., Qun-wei, W., De-qun, Z., & Su, B. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111429 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Modeling Low Energy Demand Futures for Buildings: Current State and Research Needs
Mastrucci, A., Niamir, L., Boza‐Kiss, B., Bento, N., Wiedenhofer, D., Streeck, J., Pachauri, S., Wilson, C., Chatterjee, S., Creutzig, F., et al. (2023) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-102921 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“…represent decisions and effectiveness of measures with ABM of stakeholders and users (144), and either use results from IAMs (64) or are coupled to these models themselves (88, 145), the latter of which enables the evaluation of sectoral emissions, capital accumulation, and labor implications.”
Quo vadis MFA? Integrated material flow analysis to support material efficiency
Baars, J., Rajaeifar, M. A., & Heidrich, O. (2022) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.13288 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cullen, J. M., & Cooper, D. (2022) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070218-125903 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Tang, M., Hong, J., Guo, S., Liu, G., & Shen, Q. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123403 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, D., & Huang, L. (2019) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings9100207 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The use of steel in the United Kingdom's transport sector: A stock–flow–service nexus case study
Carmona, L. G., Whiting, K., Haberl, H., & Sousa, T. (2020) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.13055 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Erker, R. S., Dominko, M., Bayar, A. H., Majcen, B., & Primc, K. (2022) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109364 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Wiedenhofer, D., Streeck, J., Wiese, F., Verdolini, E., Mastrucci, A., Ju, Y., Boza‐Kiss, B., Min, J., Norman, J., Wieland, H., et al. (2025) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-111523-102441 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, S.-H., Yang, J., Cheng, J., & Li, X. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.108050 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hanes, R. J., Ghosh, T., Key, A., & Eberle, A. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2021.671979 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Is the rebound effect useless? A case study on the technological progress of the power industry
Jia, Z., & Lin, B. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123570 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wiedenhofer, D., Streeck, J., Wiese, F., Verdolini, E., Mastrucci, A., Ju, Y., Boza‐Kiss, B., Min, J., Norman, J., Wieland, H., et al. (2024) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-110822-044428 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationLessard, J., Habert, G., Tagnit‐Hamou, A., & Amor, B. (2020) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106872 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Building stock dynamics and the impact of construction bubble and bust on employment in China
Liu, Q., Liu, L., Liu, X., Li, S., & Liu, G. (2021) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.13182 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Second, we only considered direct employment in the construction industry, but not the indirect employment in the supply chains such as those related to constructionmaterials production and services (which can be significant according to, e.g., input–output analysis (Cao et al., 2019)).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationCorbier, D., Pettifor, H., Agnew, M. D., & Nagashima, M. (2025) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108214 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fu, C., Fath, B. D., Daigo, I., Zhang, Y., & Deng, T. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130402 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Jiang, P., Roy, B. B., & Tu, Q. (2024) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.108094 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pauliuk, S. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/y4xcv · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationSong, J., Su, X., Hou, L., Chu, C., Wu, T., Dai, H., Ou, Y., Nishiura, O., Cao, Z., & Ju, M. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c14724 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, S. (2022) · Journal of Sensors · doi:10.1155/2022/6497125 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Aiming at the problem of low data utilization in the development of tourism, Cao and other scholars put forward an economic growth model combined with local economic development through experimental verification [10].”
BackgroundRetractedExploring the black box: Applying macro decomposition tools for scenario comparisons
Koomey, J., Schmidt, Z., Hausker, K., & Lashof, D. (2022) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105426 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zanon-Zotin, M., Fortes, P., Corbier, D., Deetman, S., Edelenbosch, O. Y., van Engelenburg, M., Hauenstein, C., Hertwich, E. G., Jiang, M., von Köckritz, L., et al. (2026) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.109053 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Application of Internet of Things Data Analysis in the Development of International Trade
Qiuxia, H., & Yujie, H. (2022) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2022/5507951 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“)e model can predict the economic demand of different industries through trade data information, but the accuracy of prediction is related to the type of input parameters [9].”
BackgroundWood Utilization and Environmental Impacts
Richter, K., Helm, S., Köhl, M., Risse, M., & Weber‐Blaschke, G. (2023) · Springer handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_36 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ning, H., Guo, Z., Feng, H., Zhang, P., Shen, J., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0339684 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“These studies emphasized the substantial influx of material resources from the geosphere into the anthroposphere and their continuous accumulation within urban systems, resulting in the formation of long-life-cycle buildings [12–15], infrastructure [16–19], and durable consumer goods [20–23].”
Rare earth elements demand and energy transition in 2050: Exploring water stress impacts
Guedes, F., Seck, G. S., Hache, E., & Roche, C. (2026) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2026.105936 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhu, W., Sun, C., & Li, X. (2021) · International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management (ICCREM) · doi:10.1061/9780784483848.058 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhu, W., Jiang, J., Liu, B., & Sun, C. (2023) · Lecture notes in operations research · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3626-7_73
Economic and Environmental Consequences of Future Technological Progress in BuildingsPreprint
Kieffer, I., Wing, I. S., Petit, V., & Kwan, T. A. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5946750
Lin, L., Huang, G., & Wang, N. (2026) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127648
IMACLIM-China-MORE: A hybrid model for analyzing greenhouse gases neutrality pathways
Wang, B., Wu, Z., Su, X., & Teng, F. (2026) · Energy and climate management. · doi:10.26599/ecm.2026.9400032
Guo, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, T., & Cao, Z. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c00979
Self-citationMikropoulos, E., van Harmelen, T., Worrell, E., & Faaij, A. P. C. (2026) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2026.102342
- Authors
- Cao, Z., Liu, G., Zhong, S., Dai, H., & Pauliuk, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Gang
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-12-04
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 224-233
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2902091369
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Det Frie Forskningsr?d (6111-00555B)
- Syddansk Universitet (95-443-64283)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41728002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
- Keywords
- dynamic material flow analysis, computable general equilibrium model, integrated assessment models, socioeconomic metabolism, building sector, embodied CO2 emissions, rebound effect, infrastructure development, China
- MeSH terms
- Built Environment, Carbon Dioxide, China, Models, Theoretical, Prospective Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
