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The Role of Carbon Capture and Utilization, Carbon Capture and Storage, and Biomass to Enable a Net-Zero-CO2 Emissions Chemical Industry
Open accessAbstract
This contribution provides a conceptual analysis and a quantitative comparative assessment of three technology chains that enable a carbon neutral chemical industry in a net-zero-CO2 world. These are based (i) on the use of fossil fuels and current chemical processes and infrastructure coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS route), (ii) on the use of captured CO2 as a feedstock together with “green” hydrogen in new chemical processes (CCU route), (iii) on the use of biomass grown and processed for the specific purpose of making chemicals (BIO route). All routes are feasible and have different pros and cons. Such pros and cons are first discussed through a qualitative comparison of the three routes for a generic chemical product, and are then quantitatively assessed for the specific case of methanol production. In this case, the CCU route results in an electricity consumption 10 to 25 times higher than that of the CCS and BIO routes (excluding the electricity required for heat production), mostly due to the electricity required to produce hydrogen. At the same time, the BIO route requires a land capacity about 40 and 400 times higher than that required by the CCU and CCS routes, respectively. Furthermore, when considering a net-positive-CO2 emissions world, the CO2 emissions of the CCU route grow about 8 to 10 times faster than that of the CCS and BIO routes. On the one hand, we identify key hurdles in all cases. These are (i) the availability, accessibility, and accepta…
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“Atmospheric carbon capture via plant growth is more energyefficient than atmospheric carbon capture and utilization via direct air capture, which might require 10-25 times more electricity (Gabrielli et al., 2020).”
From Circular Bioeconomy Concepts—A Perspective (2021) · cites this paper as Gabrielli et al., 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gabrielli, P., Gazzani, M., & Mazzotti, M.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Mazzotti, Marco
- Venue
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-03-04
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 7033-7045
- ISSN
- 0888-5885 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5045
- OpenAlex
- W3009569863
- Cited by
- 578
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 127 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 15
- FWCI
- 32.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (691712)
- Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (NA)
- Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (NA)
- Bundesamt für Energie (NA)
- Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (NA)
- Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research, Efficiency in Industrial Processes (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Keywords
- carbon capture and utilization, carbon capture and storage, biomass-to-liquids, net-zero CO2 emissions, chemical industry decarbonization, methanol synthesis, green hydrogen, CO2 storage sites, electricity demand, CO2 emissions, net-negative emissions
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