Probiotics Exert Protective Effect against Sepsis-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Reversing Gut Microbiota Abnormalities
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that probiotics could affect neurodevelopment and cognitive function via regulating gut microbiota. However, the role of probiotics in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remained unclear. This study was conducted to assess the effects and therapeutic mechanisms of probiotic Clostridium butyricum (Cb) against SAE in mice. The SAE model mouse was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and was given by intragastric administration with Cb for 1 month. A series of behavioral tests, including neurological severity score, tail suspension test, and elevated maze test, were used to assess cognitive impairment. Nissl staining and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining were used to assess neuronal injury. Microglia activation, the release of neuroinflammatory cytokines, and the levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain were determined. The compositions of the gut microbiota were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results revealed that Cb significantly attenuated cognitive impairment and neuronal damage. Moreover, Cb significantly inhibited excessive activation of microglia, decreased Iba-1 level, and increased BDNF level in the SAE mice. In addition, Cb improved gut microbiota dysbiosis of SAE mice. These findings revealed that Cb exerted anti-inflammatory effects and improved cognitive impairment in SAE mice, and their neuroprotective mechanisms might be mediated by regulating gut microbiota.
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics are the strongest iatrogenic driver of gut dysbiosis in sepsis.
“broad-spectrum antibiotics – the strongest iatrogenic driver”
From Progress on the correlation between sepsis and gut microbiota: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Liu et al., 2020
Reduced SCFAs in sepsis may shift microglia toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, worsening neural injury.
“Reduced SCFAs in sepsis may shift microglia toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, worsening neural injury (Gao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020).”
From Progress on the correlation between sepsis and gut microbiota: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Liu et al., 2020
FMT and probiotic treatment improve survival rate of patients with sepsis and alleviate symptoms of encephalopathy.
“Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic treatment have been shown to improve the survival rate of patients with sepsis and alleviate the symptoms of encephalopathy (17, 18).”
From Sepsis-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Mediates the Susceptibility to Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Liu, J., Jin, Y., Li, H., Yu, J., Gong, T., Gao, X., & Sun, J.
- Affiliations
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Zhejiang Hospital (CN)
- Taizhou Second People's Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Jing
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-12-07
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 14874-14883
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W3111328347
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- probiotics, Clostridium butyricum, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, gut dysbiosis, neuroprotection, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal injury, cecal ligation and puncture, gut-brain axis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Brain Diseases, Cognition, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sepsis, Probiotics, Mice, Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
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