Biological and Nonbiological Antioxidant Activity of Some Essential Oils
Abstract
Fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions, and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol), characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were investigated for biological and nonbiological antioxidant activity. Clove oil and eugenol showed strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 13.2 μg/mL and 11.7 μg/mL, respectively) and powerfully inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils stimulated by PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) (IC50 = 7.5 μg/mL and 1.6 μg/mL) or H2O2 (IC50 = 22.6 μg/mL and 27.1 μg/mL). Nutmeg, ginger, and palmarosa oils were also highly active on this test. Essential oils from clove and ginger, as well as eugenol, carvacrol, and bornyl acetate inhibited NO (nitric oxide) production (IC50 < 50.0 μg/mL). The oils of clove, red thyme, and Spanish oregano, together with eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol showed the highest myeloperoxidase inhibitory activity. Isomers carvacrol and thymol displayed a disparate behavior in some tests. All in all, clove oil and eugenol offered the best antioxidant profile.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Animal products with improved dietary value, better oxidative stability, and longer shelf life may be obtained by using essential oils as additives in feedstuffs for farm animals.
“Animal products (egg, meat, and fat) with improved dietary value, better oxidative stability, and longer shelf life may be obtained by using essential oils as additives in feedstuffs for farm animals [21].”
Cites
Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995) · LWT - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/s0023-6438(95)80008-5 · Cited by 25,994 · see citing works
Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids
Green, L. C., Wagner, D. A., Glogowski, J. A., Skipper, P. L., Wishnok, J. S., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1982) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-x · Cited by 12,089 · see citing works
Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—A review
Burt, S. (2004) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022 · Cited by 10,488 · see citing works
Biological effects of essential oils—A review
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106 · Cited by 7,929 · see citing works
Measurement of Cutaneous Inflammation: Estimation of Neutrophil Content with an Enzyme Marker
Bradley, P. P., Priebat, D. A., Christensen, R. D., & Rothstein, G. (1982) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12506462 · Cited by 3,628 · see citing works
Natural Antioxidants: Sources, Compounds, Mechanisms of Action, and Potential Applications
Brewer, M. S. (2011) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00156.x · Cited by 1,792 · see citing works
Bemerkungen zu der Abhandlung der HH. Weselsky und Benedikt „Ueber einige Azoverbindungen”
Grieß, P. (1879) · Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1002/cber.187901201117 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review
Miguel, M. G. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15129252 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
Unraveling the biological roles of reactive oxygen species
Murphy, M. P., Holmgren, A., Larsson, N.-G., Halliwell, B., Chang, C. J., Kalyanaraman, B., Rhee, S. G., Thornalley, P. J., Partridge, L., Gems, D., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.010 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action
Brenes, A., & Roura, E. (2010) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.007 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils
Amorati, R., Foti, M. C., & Valgimigli, L. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf403496k · Cited by 803 · see citing works
López‐Alarcón, C., & Denicola, A. (2012) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.051 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as signaling molecules regulating neutrophil function.
Fialkow, L., Wang, Y.-C., & Downey, G. (2007) · Free Radical Biology & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.030 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
The Bioactivity and Toxicological Actions of Carvacrol
Suntres, Z. E., Coccimiglio, J., & Alipour, M. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.653458 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Tung, Y., Chua, M.-T., Wang, S., et al. (2007) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.050 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review.
Franz, C., Başer, K. H. C., & Windisch, W. M. (2009) · Flavour and Fragrance Journal · doi:10.1002/ffj.1967 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Mastelić, J., Jerković, I., Blažević, I., Poljak‐Blaži, M., Borović, S., Ivančić-Baće, I., Smrečki, V., Žarković, N., Brčić-Kostić, K., Vikić‐Topić, D., et al. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf073272v · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Nutrition and immunity: an update
Verlhac-Trichet, V. (2010) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02374.x · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Yoon, W., Lee, N. H., & Hyun, C. (2010) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.59.415 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Peñalver, P., Lorenzo, B. H., Borge, C., Astorga, R., ROMERO, R., & Perea, A. (2005) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130101.x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationÜndeğer, Ü., Başaran, A. A., Degen, G. H., & Başaran, N. (2009) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.020 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The effect of essential oils on performance, immunity and gut microbial population in weaner pigs
Li, S., Ru, Y., Liu, M., Xu, B., Péron, A., & Shi, X. G. (2012) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2012.01.005 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Oenanthe crocata L. essential oil
Valente, J. D. S. S., Zuzarte, M., Gonçalves, M. J., Lopes, M. C., Cavaleiro, C., Salgueiro, L., & Cruz, M. T. (2013) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.083 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Sinha, S., Jothiramajayam, M., Ghosh, M., & Mukherjee, A. (2014) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.036 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Effect of d-limonene on immune response in BALB/c mice with lymphoma
del Toro‐Arreola, S., Flores-Torales, E., Torres-Lozano, C., et al. (2005) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.12.012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effects of several plant extracts on porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro1
Liu, Y., Song, M., Che, T. M., Bravo, D., & Pettigrew, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4304 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Caldefie‐Chézet, F., Fusillier, C., Jarde, T., Laroye, H., Damez, M., Vasson, M., & Guillot, J. (2006) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.1862 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Suppression of neutrophil accumulation in mice by cutaneous application of geranium essential oil.
Maruyama, N., Sekimoto, Y., Ishibashi, H., Inouye, S., Oshima, H., Yamaguchi, H., & Abe, S. (2005) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/1476-9255-2-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Robinson, J. M., Badwey, J. A., Karnovsky, M. L., et al. (1985) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.101.3.1052 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Carvacrol-induced [Ca2+]i rise and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells
Liang, W., & Lu, C. (2012) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.027 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Silva, M. R., Ximenes, R. M., da Costa, J. G. M., et al. (2010) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-010-0494-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ogata, N. (2000) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00364-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Inhibitory action of eugenol compounds on the production of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 macrophages
Weihua, L. I., Tsubouchi, R., Qiao, S., Haneda, M., Murakami, K., & Yoshino, M. (2006) · Biomedical Research · doi:10.2220/biomedres.27.69 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Rodriguez, N., Fend, F., Jennen, L., Schiemann, M., Wantia, N., da Costa, C. P., Dürr, S., Heinzmann, U., Wagner, H., & Miethke, T. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4836 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
de Siqueira, R. J. B., Magalhães, P. J. C., Leal‐Cardoso, J. H., et al. (2005) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.042 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Botelho, M. A., Martins, J. G., Ruela, R. S., et al. (2009) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.2798 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Antioxidant activity of Tween-20 and Tween-80 evaluated through different in-vitro tests
Pérez-Rosés, R., Risco, E., Vila, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.12369 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationAnti-inflammatory action of Pluchea sagittalis: Involvement of an antioxidant mechanism
Pérez-García, F., Marín, E., Cañigueral, S., & Adzet, T. (1996) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(96)00556-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationShen, C., Hong, K., & Kim, S. W. (2005) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2005.8.149 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Conforti, F., Tundis, R., Marrelli, M., Menichini, F., Statti, G. A., de Cindio, B., Menichini, F., & Houghton, P. J. (2010) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.0154 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effect of Some Essential Oils on Phagocytosis and Complement System Activity
Pérez-Rosés, R., Risco, E., Vila, R., Peñalver, P., & Cañigueral, S. (2015) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf504761m · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationOrdóñez, G., Llopis, N., & Peñalver, P. (2008) · The Journal of Applied Poultry Research · doi:10.3382/japr.2007-00109 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationKuromoji (Lindera umbellata) Essential Oil Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells
Maeda, H., Yamazaki, M., & Katagata, Y. (2013) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.120692 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hernández, J. J. C., Orfao, A., L�pez, A., Mories, M. T., Miralles, J. M., & Ciudad, J. (1997) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19970615)30:3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Eugenol Inhibited the Antimicrobial Functions of Neutrophils
Chen, D.-C., Lee, Y., Yeh, P.-Y., Lin, J., Chen, Y., & Hung, S. (2008) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2007.11.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gyesi, J. N., Opoku, R., & Borquaye, L. S. (2019) · Biochemistry Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/4164576 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pérez-Rosés, R., Risco, E., Vila, R., Peñalver, P., & Cañigueral, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Lidervet, S.L., Plaça García Lorca, 17, Baixos, E-43006 Tarragona, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Cañigueral, Salvador
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-06-02
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 4716-4724
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2406889296
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- European Social Fund
- Lidervet S.L. (303524)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- essential oils, antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, reactive oxygen species inhibition, nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase inhibition, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, clove oil, nutmeg oil, ginger essential oil, palmarosa oil, phorbol myristate acetate, hydrogen peroxide
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Humans, Leukocytes, Nitric Oxide, Oils, Volatile, Reactive Oxygen Species
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review