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Protac-Induced Protein Degradation in Drug Discovery: Breaking the Rules or Just Making New Ones?
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation, using bifunctional small molecules (Protacs) to remove specific proteins from within cells, has emerged as a novel drug discovery strategy with the potential to offer therapeutic interventions not achievable with existing approaches. In this Perspective, the brief history of the field is surveyed from a drug discovery perspective with a focus on the key advances in knowledge which have led to the definition and exemplification of protein degradation concepts and their resulting applications to medicine discovery. The approach has the potential to bring disruptive change to drug discovery; the many potential advantages and outstanding challenges which lie ahead of this technology are discussed.
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“and can have a duration of action that extends beyond clearance and depends on the turnover rate of the protein target rather than residence time 23,24,25 .”
From Targeted protein degradation: expanding the toolbox (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
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Inducing Protein Degradation as a Therapeutic Strategy
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PROTACS: A technology with a gold rush-like atmosphere
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Degraders early developability assessment: face-to-face with molecular properties
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Controlling PROTACs with Light
Verma, S., & Manna, D. (2020) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202000249 · Cited by 39
Bemis, T. A., Clair, J. J. L., & Burkart, M. D. (2020) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d0cc05395c · Cited by 37
Maneiro, M., Vita, E. D., Conole, D., Kounde, C. S., Zhang, Q., & Tate, E. W. (2021) · Progress in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.01.002 · Cited by 38
WWP1 E3 ligase at the crossroads of health and disease
Behera, A., & Reddy, A. B. M. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06380-0 · Cited by 38
“PROTACs use two binding sites to attach to a target protein and recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase, triggering the degradation of the protein in question [153, 154].”
BackgroundByeTAC: Bypassing E-Ligase-Targeting Chimeras for Direct Proteasome Degradation
Loy, C. A., Ali, E. M. H., Seabrook, L. J., Harris, T. J., Kragness, K. A., Albrecht, L. V., & Trader, D. J. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c00485 · Cited by 42
Synthesis of 7-benzylguanosine cap-analogue conjugates for eIF4E targeted degradation
Kaur, T., Menon, A., & Garner, A. L. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.080 · Cited by 38
“In this case, we chose to incorporate both lenalidomide and VHL ligand conjugates as part of our PROTAC design, in addition to varying linker lengths, which has been shown to play a crucial role in the success of this approach [26],[54].”
BackgroundMethodLight-Controllable PROTACs for Temporospatial Control of Protein Degradation
Liu, J., Peng, Y., & Wei, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.678077 · Cited by 38
“By hijacking the endogenous UPS to specifically degrade proteins of interest (POI), PROTACs are theoretically capable of targeting any proteins in cells (Sakamoto, 2010; Neklesa et al., 2017; Churcher, 2018; Guo et al., 2019; Paiva and Crews, 2019).”
BackgroundInducing Protein Degradation as a Therapeutic Strategy
Crews, C. M., Georg, G. I., & Wang, S. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00735 · Cited by 38
A kinetic proofreading model for bispecific protein degraders
Bartlett, D. W., & Gilbert, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.1007/s10928-020-09722-z · Cited by 38
Gupta, P., & Mohanty, D. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbab111 · Cited by 38
“Development of newer technologies for discovery of PPI inhibitors have resulted in the experimental characterization of large number of small molecule modulators of various families of PPIs [49].”
BackgroundA PROTAC targets splicing factor 3B1
Gama-Brambila, R. A., Chen, J., Zhou, J., Tascher, G., Münch, C., & Cheng, X. (2021) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.018 · Cited by 37
Demystifying the CXCR4 conundrum in cancer biology: Beyond the surface signaling paradigm
Nengroo, M. A., Khan, M. A., Verma, A., & Datta, D. B. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188790 · Cited by 37
Targeted Protein Degradation: Design Considerations for PROTAC Development
Tran, N. L., Leconte, G. A., & Ferguson, F. M. (2022) · Current Protocols · doi:10.1002/cpz1.611 · Cited by 35
SMURF1, a promoter of tumor cell progression?
Qin, X., Li, Y., Han, D., & Dong, L. (2020) · Cancer Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41417-020-00255-8 · Cited by 35
“achievable with existing approaches [126].”
Avoid the trap: Targeting PARP1 beyond human malignancy
Kim, C., Chen, C., & Yu, Y. (2021) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.004 · Cited by 36
“PROTACs are usually “beyond rule of five (bRo5)” molecules due to their unique molecular architecture (Churcher, 2018; Edmondson et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHu, J., Jarusiewicz, J., Du, G., Nishiguchi, G., Yoshimura, S., Panetta, J. C., Li, Z., Min, J., Yang, L., Chepyala, D., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abo5228 · Cited by 35
A comprehensive review of BET-targeting PROTACs for cancer therapy
Zhou, X., Zhao, F., Xu, Y.-T., Guan, Y., Yu, T., Zhang, Y., Duan, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117033 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Churcher, I.
- Affiliations
- BenevolentBio, 40 Churchway, London NW1 1LW, U.K.
- Corresponding author
- Churcher, Ian
- ORCID
- Churcher, Ian
- Venue
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-12-19
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 444-452
- ISSN
- 0022-2623 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-4804
- OpenAlex
- W2769590617
- Cited by
- 491
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- targeted protein degradation, PROTACs, bifunctional small molecules, protein degradation, drug discovery
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Peptides, Recombinant Proteins, Drug Design, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Small Molecule Libraries, Ubiquitination, Drug Discovery, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Proteolysis
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