Ultraviolet superradiance from mega-networks of tryptophan in biological architectures
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High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Networks of tryptophan (Trp)─an aromatic amino acid with strong fluorescence response─are ubiquitous in biological systems, forming diverse architectures in transmembrane proteins, cytoskeletal filaments, subneuronal elements, photoreceptor complexes, virion capsids, and other cellular structures. We analyze the cooperative effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) excitation of several biologically relevant Trp mega-networks, thus giving insights into novel mechanisms for cellular signaling and control. Our theoretical analysis in the single-excitation manifold predicts the formation of strongly superradiant states due to collective interactions among organized arrangements of up to >10 5 Trp UV-excited transition dipoles in microtubule architectures, which leads to an enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) that is confirmed by our experiments. We demonstrate the observed consequences of this superradiant behavior in the fluorescence QY for hierarchically organized tubulin structures, which increases in different geometric regimes at thermal equilibrium before saturation, highlighting the effect’s persistence in the presence of disorder. Our work thus showcases the many orders of magnitude across which the brightest (hundreds of femtoseconds) and darkest (tens of seconds) states can coexist in these Trp lattices.
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Functionally relevant quantum effects occur in microtubules at room temperature.
“I also review experimental evidence that functionally relevant quantum effects occur in microtubules at room temperature”
From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Babcock et al. 2024
The Conclusions report experimental fluorescence quantum-yield measurements in microtubules consistent with collective quantum effects under thermal equilibrium conditions. But they describe roles in metabolic regulation and communication as possibilities, not demonstrated functions; they also caution that the measurements need complementary lifetime measurements. The source therefore does not establish that the effects are functionally relevant. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere is direct evidence of quantum super radiance from MTs at room temperature, which was enhanced as they were joined into larger structures.
“This includes direct evidence of quantum super radiance from MTs at room temperature, which was enhanced as they were joined into larger structures (Babcock et al. 2024).”
From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Babcock et al. 2024
The Results (page unavailable) model superradiant effects at 298 K and predict increasing quantum yield in larger microtubule assemblies. The Conclusions (page unavailable) report increased measured fluorescence quantum yield from tubulin to microtubules, but caution that lifetime measurements are still needed. Thus the paper offers experimental evidence consistent with room-temperature superradiance, not direct measurement of superradiance or experimental evidence that it increases when microtubules are joined into larger structures. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredExperiments have demonstrated nontrivial quantum effects in MTs at room temperature.
“In any case, experiments have now demonstrated nontrivial quantum effects in MTs at room temperature.”
From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Babcock et al. 2024
The Results report a statistically significant fluorescence quantum-yield increase in microtubules, and the Discussion says the measurements suggest collective effects survive at thermal equilibrium. But the Conclusions caution that fluorescence-lifetime measurements are still needed, so the experiments do not establish the quantum effect as definitively as the claim states. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent experimental studies have demonstrated that microtubules can capture and transfer energy over distances of approximately 6.6 nm, surpassing classical predictions.
“Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that microtubules can capture and transfer energy over distances of approximately 6.6 nm, surpassing classical predictions [48,49,50].”
From Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
The formation of strongly superradiant states from collective interactions among over 105 Trp UV-excited transition dipoles within microtubule structures enhances the efficiency of ultraviolet light absorption and its redistribution to lower energy levels.
“Interestingly, they observed that the formation of strongly superradiant states—resulting from collective interactions among over 105 Trp UV-excited transition dipoles within microtubule structures—enhances the efficiency of ultraviolet light absorption and its redistribution to lower energy levels.”
From Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
The quantum information science insights explored to enhance the theoretical framework in Ref. [61] are equally applicable to the more recent study in Ref. [48], offering a unified perspective on exciton delocalization and superradiance in microtubules.
“The insights from quantum information science that we have explored to enhance the theoretical framework in Ref. [61] are equally applicable to the more recent study in Ref. [48], offering a unified perspective on exciton delocalization and superradiance in microtubules.”
From Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
This mechanism may provide potential protection for cells against ultraviolet-induced damage.
“This mechanism may provide potential protection for cells against ultraviolet-induced damage.”
From Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Their results support the conjecture that MTs can couple across neurons.
“Their results support the conjecture of Babcock et al. that MTs can couple across neurons.”
From Microtubule-stabilizer epothilone B delays anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats (2024) · cites this paper as Babcock et al., 2024
A recent report describes theoretical predictions and experimental confirmation of superradiance from MTs at room temperature that was enhanced as they were joined into larger structures.
“A recent report describes theoretical predictions and experimental confirmation of superradiance—a fundamentally quantum effect (Dicke, 1954)—from MTs at room temperature that was enhanced as they were joined into larger structures (Babcock et al., 2024).”
From Microtubule-stabilizer epothilone B delays anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats (2024) · cites this paper as Babcock et al., 2024
The prediction of quantum coherence in MTs at high temperatures (room temperature) has now been experimentally verified.
“The prediction of quantum coherence in MTs at high temperatures (i.e., room temperature) has now been experimentally verified (Saxena et al., 2020; Babcock et al., 2024).”
From Microtubule-stabilizer epothilone B delays anesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats (2024) · cites this paper as Babcock et al., 2024
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- Authors
- Babcock, N. S., Montes-Cabrera, G., Oberhofer, K. E., Chergui, M., Celardo, G. L., & Kurian, P.
- Affiliations
- Howard University (US)
- Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20060, United States
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- University of Florence (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Kurian, P.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2024-04-19
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4035-4046
- ISSN
- 1520-5207 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6106
- PMC
- PMC11075083
- OpenAlex
- W4394950159
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 14.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Guy Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
- Keywords
- tryptophan, superradiance, fluorescence quantum yield enhancement, microtubules, tubulin, transition dipole moment, signal transduction, cytoskeletal filaments
- MeSH terms
- Fluorescence, Microtubules, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Tryptophan, Tubulin, Ultraviolet Rays
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