Kynurenines: Tryptophan’s metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health

Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22

Zelante, T., Iannitti, R. G., Cunha, C., De Luca, A., Giovannini, G., Pieraccini, G., Zecchi, R., D’Angelo, C., Massi-Benedetti, C., Fallarino, F., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.003 · Cited by 2,614 · see citing works

Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD

Ananthakrishnan, A. N. (2015) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.34 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works

NAD+ Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus

Cantó, C., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.023 · Cited by 1,648 · see citing works

NAD ⁺ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice

Zhang, H., Ryu, D., Wu, Y., Gariani, K., Wang, X., Luan, P., D’Amico, D., Ropelle, E. R., Lutolf, M. P., Aebersold, R., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf2693 · Cited by 1,255 · cited 1× · see citing works

Monitoring tryptophan metabolism in chronic immune activation

Schröcksnadel, K., Wirleitner, B., Winkler, C., & Fuchs, D. (2006) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.06.013 · Cited by 551 · see citing works

Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and production of quinolinic acid by human microglia, astrocytes, and neurons

Guillemin, G. J., Smythe, G., Takikawa, O., & Brew, B. J. (2005) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20090 · Cited by 497 · cited 1× · see citing works

Nicotinamide Riboside Opposes Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy in Mice

Trammell, S. A. J., Weidemann, B. J., Chadda, A., Yorek, M. S., Holmes, A., Coppey, L. J., Obrosov, A., Kardon, R. H., Yorek, M. A., & Brenner, C. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26933 · Cited by 301 · cited 1× · see citing works

NAD ⁺ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation

Ryu, D., Zhang, H., Ropelle, E. R., Sorrentino, V., Mázala, D. A. G., Mouchiroud, L., Marshall, P. L., Campbell, M. D., Ali, A. S., Knowels, G. M., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5504 · Cited by 256 · see citing works

Acute stress-induced hypersensitivity to colonic distension depends upon increase in paracellular permeability: role of myosin light chain kinase.

Ait-Belgnaoui, A., Bradesi, S., Fioramonti, J., Theodorou, V., & Bueno, L. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.10.002 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

An Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Amplification Loop That Enforces Cell Migration in ER−/PR−/Her2− Human Breast Cancer Cells

Novikov, O., Wang, Z., Stanford, E. A., Parks, A. J., Ramirez-Cardenas, A., Landesman, E., Laklouk, I., Sarita-Reyes, C., Gusenleitner, D., Li, A., et al. (2016) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.116.105361 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works

Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

Agus, A., Planchais, J., & Sokol, H. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003 · Cited by 3,180 · see citing works

Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond

Platten, M., Nollen, E. A. A., Röhrig, U. F., Fallarino, F., & Opitz, C. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0016-5 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works

Physical activity and depression: towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity

Kandola, A., Ashdown-Franks, G., Hendrikse, J., Sabiston, C. M., & Stubbs, B. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works

Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in inflammatory diseases

Shi, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Q., Liu, K., Hou, J., Shao, C., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-018-0023-5 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works

Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link Between the Gut Microbiota and Brain

Gao, K., Mu, C.-L., Farzi, A., & Zhu, W.-Y. (2020) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz127 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works

Diet and depression: Exploring the biological mechanisms of action

Marx, W., Lane, M., Hockey, M., Aslam, H., Berk, M., Walder, K., Borsini, A., Firth, J., Pariante, C. M., Berding, K., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00925-x · Cited by 685 · see citing works

Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse

Fries, G. R., Saldana, V. A., Finnstein, J., & Rein, T. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01806-1 · Cited by 504 · see citing works

Regulation of cancer cell metabolism: Oncogenic MYC in the driver’s seat

Dong, Y., Tu, R., Liu, H., & Qing, G. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00235-2 · Cited by 405 · see citing works

Involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chronic restraint stress: disturbances of the kynurenine metabolic pathway in both the gut and brain

Deng, Y., Zhou, M., Wang, J., Yao, J., Yu, J., Liu, W., Wu, L., Wang, J., & Gao, R. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1869501 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Exercise benefits on Alzheimer’s disease: State-of-the-science

Valenzuela, P. L., Castillo-García, A., Morales, J. S., de la Villa, P., Hampel, H., Emanuele, E., Lista, S., & Lucia, A. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101108 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

The impact of the microbiota-gut-brain axis on Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology

Doifode, T., Giridharan, V. V., Generoso, J. S., Bhatti, G., Collodel, A., Schulz, P. E., Forlenza, O. V., & Barichello, T. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105314 · Cited by 347 · see citing works

Transplantation of microbiota from drug-free patients with schizophrenia causes schizophrenia-like abnormal behaviors and dysregulated kynurenine metabolism in mice

Zhu, F., Guo, R., Wang, W., Ju, Y., Wang, Q., Ma, Q., Sun, Q., Fan, Y., Xie, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0475-4 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Reversal of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated cancer immune suppression by systemic kynurenine depletion with a therapeutic enzyme

Triplett, T. A., Garrison, K. C., Marshall, N., Donkor, M., Blazeck, J., Lamb, C., Qerqez, A., Dekker, J. D., Tanno, Y., Lu, W.-C., et al. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4180 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

Blood-brain barrier permeability and physical exercise

Małkiewicz, M. A., Szarmach, A., Sabisz, A., Cubała, W. J., Szurowska, E., & Winklewski, P. J. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1403-x · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered tryptophan catabolism contribute to autoimmunity in lupus-susceptible mice

Choi, S.-C., Brown, J., Gong, M., Ge, Y., Zadeh, M., Li, W., Croker, B. P., Michailidis, G., Garrett, T. J., Mohamadzadeh, M., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2220 · Cited by 266 · see citing works

Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression

Zhao, J., Jiang, W., Wang, X., Cai, Z., Liu, Z., & Liu, G. (2020) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13385 · Cited by 241 · see citing works

Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders

Okabe, K., Yaku, K., Tobe, K., & Nakagawa, T. (2019) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0527-8 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Crosstalk between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression

Du, Y., Gao, X.-R., Peng, L., & Ge, J.-F. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04097 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Current Evidence on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ADHD Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications

Checa-Ros, A., Jeréz-Calero, A., Molina-Carballo, A., Campoy, C., & Muñoz-Hoyos, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010249 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Fecal Microbiome Transplantation from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Modulates Tryptophan and Serotonergic Synapse Metabolism and Induces Altered Behaviors in Germ-Free Mice

Xiao, L., Yan, J., Yang, T., Zhu, J., Li, T., Wei, H., & Chen, J. (2021) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01343-20 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Tryptophan Metabolism in Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

Huang, Y., Zhao, M., Chen, X., Zhang, R., Le, A., Hong, M., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Zang, W., Jiang, C., et al. (2023) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2022.0916 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Tryptophan metabolism: Mechanism-oriented therapy for neurological and psychiatric disorders

Li, D., Yu, S., Long, Y., Shi, A., Deng, J., Ma, Y., Wen, J., Li, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.985378 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

The role of AhR in transcriptional regulation of immune cell development and function

Trikha, P., & Lee, D. A. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188335 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Ultraviolet superradiance from mega-networks of tryptophan in biological architectures

Babcock, N. S., Montes-Cabrera, G., Oberhofer, K. E., Chergui, M., Celardo, G. L., & Kurian, P. (2024) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07936 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Gestational Factors throughout Fetal Neurodevelopment: The Serotonin Link

Hanswijk, S. I., Spoelder, M., Shan, L., Verheij, M. M. M., Muilwijk, O. G., Li, W., Liu, C., Kolk, S. M., & Homberg, J. R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21165850 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Efferocytosis drives a tryptophan metabolism pathway in macrophages to promote tissue resolution

Sukka, S. R., Ampomah, P. B., Darville, L. N. F., Ngai, D., Wang, X., Kuriakose, G., Xiao, Y., Shi, J., Koomen, J. M., McCusker, R. H., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01115-7 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in Migraine and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Fila, M., Chojnacki, J., Pawlowska, E., Szczepanska, J., Chojnacki, C., & Blasiak, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221810134 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Gut microbial metabolites in cancer therapy

Song, P., Peng, Z., & Guo, X. (2025) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.016 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Potential Plasma Biomarker Panels Identification for the Diagnosis of First-Episode Schizophrenia and Monitoring Antipsychotic Monotherapy with the Use of Metabolomics Analyses

Song, M., Liu, Y., Zhou, J., Shi, H., Su, X., Shao, M., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Zhao, J., Guo, D., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115070 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Obesity and Exercise: New Insights and Perspectives

James, N. M., & Stanford, K. I. (2025) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The endocannabinoid system: a bridge between alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota

Bisogno, T., Lauritano, A., & Piscitelli, F. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11090934 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Neurological mechanism-based analysis of the role and characteristics of physical activity in the improvement of depressive symptoms

Wang, N., Zhu, S., Chen, S., Zou, J., Zeng, P., & Tan, S. (2025) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2024-0147 · Cited by 12 · see citing works