Quantum-enhanced photoprotection in neuroprotein architectures emerges from collective light-matter interactions
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Background: Superradiance is the phenomenon of many identical quantum systems absorbing and/or emitting photons collectively at a higher rate than any one system can individually. This phenomenon has been studied analytically in idealized distributions of electronic two-level systems (TLSs), each with a ground and excited state, as well as numerically in realistic photosynthetic nanotubes and cytoskeletal architectures. Methods: Superradiant effects are studied here in idealized toy model systems and realistic biological mega-networks of tryptophan (Trp) molecules, which are strongly fluorescent amino acids found in many proteins. Each Trp molecule acts as a chromophore absorbing in the ultraviolet spectrum and can be treated approximately as a TLS, with its 1La excited singlet state; thus, organized Trp networks can exhibit superradiance. Such networks are found, for example, in microtubules, actin filaments, and amyloid fibrils. Microtubules and actin filaments are spiral-cylindrical protein polymers that play significant biological roles as primary constituents of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, while amyloid fibrils have been targeted in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. We treat these proteinaceous Trp networks as open quantum systems, using a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to describe interactions of the chromophore network with the electromagnetic field. We numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian to obtain its complex eigenvalues, where the real part is the energy and the imaginary part is its associated enhancement rate. We also consider multiple realizations of increasing static disorder in either the site energies or the decay rates. Results: We obtained the energies and enhancement rates for realistic microtubules, actin filament bundles, and amyloid fibrils of differing lengths, and we use these values to calculate the quantum yield, which is the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed. We find that all three of these structures exhibit highly superradiant states near the low-energy portion of the spectrum, which enhances the magnitude and robustness of the quantum yield to static disorder and thermal noise. Conclusion: The high quantum yield and stable superradiant states in these biological architectures may play a photoprotective role in vivo, downconverting energetic ultraviolet photons—absorbed from those emitted by reactive free radical species—to longer, safer wavelengths and thereby mitigating biochemical stress and photophysical damage. Contrary to conventional assumptions that quantum effects cannot survive in large biosystems at high temperatures, our results suggest that macropolymeric collectives of TLSs in microtubules, actin filaments, and amyloid fibrils exhibit increasingly observable and robust effects with increasing length, up to the micron scale, due to quantum coherent interactions in the single-photon limit. Superradiant enhancement and high quantum yield exhibited in neuroprotein polymers could thus play a crucial role in information processing in the brain, the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and related dementias, and a wide array of other pathologies characterized by anomalous protein aggregates.
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Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that microtubules can capture and transfer energy over distances of approximately 6.6 nm, surpassing classical predictions.
“Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that microtubules can capture and transfer energy over distances of approximately 6.6 nm, surpassing classical predictions [48,49,50].”
From Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
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Perez, F. P., Bandeira, J. P., Morisaki, J., Kanakri, H. M., & Rizkalla, M. (2025) · Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering · doi:10.4236/jbise.2025.1810030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quantum optical effects in neuronal microtubules: superradiance under structural disorder
Gassab, L., & Craddock, T. J. A. (2026) · Quantum Effects and Measurement Techniques in Biology and Biophotonics · doi:10.1117/12.3072614
Quantum Field Approaches to Chemical Systems
Karimpour, M. R., Gori, M., & Tkatchenko, A. (2026) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6c02077
Quantum Infrastructure in Biology and the Brain
Roeloffs, J. (2026) · The frontiers collection · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-20068-6_2
On the functional significance of quantum effects at subneuronal scales
Roeloffs, J., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2026) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105905
Quantum biology and ultraweak photon emission: an overlooked intersection?
Adams, B., Marais, A., Krüger, T. P. J., & Petruccione, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Photobiology · doi:10.3389/fphbi.2026.1911803
Quantum Biology 2.0: Traversing and harnessing protein superhighway networks of light and life
Christ, M., Izadyari, M., Murray, J., Bajpai, S., Torres, J., Pettini, M., & Kurian, P. (2026) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.70759
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- Authors
- Patwa, H., Babcock, N. S., & Kurian, P.
- Affiliations
- Howard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kurian, Philip
- Venue
- Frontiers in Physics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-08-26
- Volume
- 12
- ISSN
- 2296-424X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401893100
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DE-AC02–06CH11357, 1748958)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐ AC02‐06CH11357, AC02‐06CH11357, 06CH11357, DE-AC02-)
- Chaikin-Wile Foundation
- Office of Science (AC02‐06CH11357, DE-AC02, 06CH11357, DE-AC02-06CH11357)
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara (1748958, PHY-1748958)
- Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
- Argonne National Laboratory (DE- AC02-06-CH11357, DE-AC02, AC02–06CH11357, 06CH11357)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Keywords
- superradiance, photoprotection, microtubules, F-actin, amyloid fibrils, cytoskeletal networks, open quantum systems, non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, quantum yield, static disorder, thermal noise, reactive free radicals, neurodegenerative diseases
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