Nano-Brush Structure for Rapid Label-Free Differentiation of Alzheimer’s Disease Stages and Direct Capture of Neuron-Derived Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma
Abstract
The measurement of the neurofilament light chain (NFL) in human blood plasma/serum is a promising liquid biopsy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, offering advantages over conventional neuroimaging techniques recommended in clinical guidelines. Here, a controllable nano-brush structure comprising upstanding silicon nanowires coated with indium tin oxide was employed as the sensing substrate. This nano-brush structure was modified with an NFL antibody (NFLAb) via silane coupling and then further connected as the extended gate in a field-effect transistor (EGFET). Notable signal differences emerged within a 2 min timeframe, enabling the label-free differentiation in human blood plasmas among four distinct cohorts: healthy controls, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to AD. Our study indicates that achieving a surface roughness exceeding 400 nm on the modified nano-brush structure enables the effective electrical sensing in our EGFETs. These distinct electrical responses measured via the NFLAb-modified nano-brush EGFETs can be attributed to the combined effects of the captured NFLs and NFL-specific neuron-derived exosomes (NDEs) found in dementia patients, as confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the potential of quantitatively detecting NDEs on the NFLAb-modified nano-brush structure was demonstrated using spiked solutions containing NFL-specific NDEs from IMR-32 neuroblast cells, wherein concentration-dependent changes were observed in the EGFETs output signal. Our findings show that the NFLAb-modified nano-brush EGFET enables rapid, label-free differentiation between healthy individuals and patients at varying stages of AD.
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Lin et al. developed a transistor sensor to measure NFL-specific neuron-derived exosomes in human blood plasma/serum.
“Lin et al. have developed a new transistor sensor to measure NFL-specific NDEs in human blood plasma/serum [238].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [238]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Lin, S.-P., Lee, W.-J., Sun, M.-C., Yang, Y.-H., Vinzons, L. U., Lin, Y.-M., & Wei, Y.-T.
- Affiliations
- National Chung Hsing University (TW)
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Shu-Ping
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-11-23
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 56478-56489
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W4388946033
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Chung-Hsing University (TCVGH-NCHU109DCA0100022)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2628-E-005-005-MY3, MOST 109-2221-E-005-011-)
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-NCHU109DCA0100022)
- Engineering in Agriculture Biotech Leadership Center, National Chung Hsing University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neurofilament light chain, liquid biopsy, silicon nanowires, indium tin oxide, extended-gate field-effect transistor, label-free biosensing, plasma biomarkers, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, surface roughness, exosome capture
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Neurons, Plasma, Biomarkers, Exosomes, Cognitive Dysfunction
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