Flexible, Highly Sensitive, and Wearable Pressure and Strain Sensors with Graphene Porous Network Structure
Abstract
A mechanical sensor with graphene porous network (GPN) combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is demonstrated by the first time. Using the nickel foam as template and chemically etching method, the GPN can be created in the PDMS-nickel foam coated with graphene, which can achieve both pressure and strain sensing properties. Because of the pores in the GPN, the composite as pressure and strain sensor exhibit wide pressure sensing range and highest sensitivity among the graphene foam-based sensors, respectively. In addition, it shows potential applications in monitoring or even recognize the walking states, finger bending degree, and wrist blood pressure.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mechanical sensors detect deformation and contact force using piezoresistive/piezoelectric effects or capacitance changes, and are used for limb flexion analysis, posture adjustment and rehabilitation training.
“Detect deformation and contact force using | piezoresistive/piezoelectric effects or capacitance | changes.”
From Recent advances in intelligent wearable systems: from multiscale biomechanical features towards human motion intent prediction (2026) · cites this paper as [204]
Cites
Chen, Z., Ren, W., Gao, L., Liu, B., Pei, S., & Cheng, H. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3001 · Cited by 3,834 · see citing works
Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors with microstructured rubber dielectric layers
Mannsfeld, S. C. B., Tee, B. C.-K., Stoltenberg, R. M., Chen, C. V. H.-H., Barman, S., Muir, B. V. O., Sokolov, A. N., Reese, C., & Bao, Z. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2834 · Cited by 3,291 · see citing works
A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection
Yamada, T., Hayamizu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yomogida, Y., Izadi-Najafabadi, A., Futaba, D. N., & Hata, K. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.36 · Cited by 3,247 · see citing works
Stretchable, Skin-Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review
Amjadi, M., Kyung, K., Park, I., & Sitti, M. (2016) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201504755 · Cited by 3,202 · see citing works
Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
Lipomi, D. J., Vosgueritchian, M., Tee, B. C.-K., Hellstrom, S. L., Lee, J. A., Fox, C. H., & Bao, Z. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.184 · Cited by 3,188 · see citing works
A wearable and highly sensitive pressure sensor with ultrathin gold nanowires
Gong, S., Schwalb, W., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Si, J., Shirinzadeh, B., & Cheng, W. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4132 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
Pan, L., Chortos, A., Yu, G., Wang, Y., Isaacson, S., Allen, R., Shi, Y., Dauskardt, R., & Bao, Z. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4002 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Advances of flexible pressure sensors toward artificial intelligence and health care applications
Zang, Y., Zhang, F., Di, C.-A., & Zhu, D. (2015) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/c4mh00147h · Cited by 1,272 · see citing works
Yao, H., Jin, G., Wang, C., Wang, X., Hu, W., Zheng, Z., Ni, Y. Z., & Yu, S. (2013) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201303041 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Self-citationDağdeviren, C., Su, Y., Joe, P., Yona, R., Liu, Y., Kim, Y., Huang, Y., Damadoran, A. R., Xia, J., Martin, L. W., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5496 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Carbonized Silk Fabric for Ultrastretchable, Highly Sensitive, and Wearable Strain Sensors
Wang, C., Li, X., Gao, E., Jian, M., Xia, K., Wang, Q., Xu, Z., Ren, T., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201601572 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, J., Lee, Y., Hong, J., Ha, M., Jung, Y.-D., Lim, H., Kim, S. Y., & Ko, H. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn500441k · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Highly Sensitive Skin‐Mountable Strain Gauges Based Entirely on Elastomers
Lu, N., Lu, C., Yang, S., & Rogers, J. A. (2012) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201200498 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., Wang, R., Sun, J., & Gao, L. (2015) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201503558 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Stretchable, Large‐area Organic Electronics
Sekitani, T., & Someya, T. (2010) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200904054 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensors Using Fragmentized Graphene Foam
Jeong, Y. R., Park, H., Jin, S. W., Hong, S. Y., Lee, S., & Ha, J. S. (2015) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201501000 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Park, J. J., Hyun, W. J., Mun, S. C., Park, Y. T., & Park, O. O. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b00695 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
High‐Strain Sensors Based on ZnO Nanowire/Polystyrene Hybridized Flexible Films
Xiao, X. R., Yuan, L., Zhong, J., Ding, T., Liu, Y., Cai, Z., Rong, Y., Han, H., Zhou, J., & Wang, Z. L. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201103406 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Highly Stretchy Black Gold E‐Skin Nanopatches as Highly Sensitive Wearable Biomedical Sensors
Gong, S., Lai, D. T. H., Su, B., Si, K. J., Ma, Z., Yap, L. W., Guo, P., & Cheng, W. (2015) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.201400063 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Graz, I. M., Krause, M., Bauer‐Gogonea, S., Bauer, S., Lacour, S. P., Ploss, B., Zirkl, M., Stadlober, B., & Wagner, S. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3191677 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Tang, Y., Zhao, Z., Hu, H., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Zhou, S., & Qiu, J. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b09314 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel Graphene Foam Composite with Adjustable Sensitivity for Sensor Applications
Samad, Y. A., Li, Y., Alhassan, S. M., & Liao, K. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01608 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, H., & Bai, J. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01413 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects
Heikenfeld, J., Jajack, A., Rogers, J., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Pan, T., Li, R., Khine, M., Kim, J., Wang, J., et al. (2018) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c7lc00914c · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Ray, T. R., Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Krishnan, S., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare
Yao, S., Swetha, P., & Zhu, Y. (2018) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201700889 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Graphene Textile Strain Sensor with Negative Resistance Variation for Human Motion Detection
Yang, Z., Pang, Y., Han, X.-L., Yang, Y., Ling, J., Jian, M., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., & Ren, T.-L. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b03391 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Technologies of Flexible Pressure Sensors: Materials, Modeling, Devices, and Manufacturing
Huang, Y., Fan, X., Chen, S., & Zhao, N. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201808509 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Chen, W., & Yan, X. (2020) · Journal of Materials Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.010 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Advances in graphene-based flexible and wearable strain sensors
Chen, H., Zhuo, F., Zhou, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Dong, S., Liu, X., Elmarakbi, A., Duan, H., & Fu, Y. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.142576 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Herbert, R., Kim, J.-H., Kim, Y., Lee, H., & Yeo, W.-H. (2018) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma11020187 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Graphene-based wearable sensors
Qiao, Y., Li, X., Hirtz, T., Deng, G., Wei, Y., Li, M., Ji, S., Wu, Q., Jian, J., Wu, F., et al. (2019) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c9nr05532k · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, S., Peng, C., Yang, B., Lin, J., Zhou, L., Jiang, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., & Tang, L. (2026) · npj Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s44387-026-00083-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pang, Y., Tian, H., Tao, L., Li, Y., Wang, X., Deng, N., Yang, Y., & Ren, T.-L.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
- Ren, Tian-Ling
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-10-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 26458-26462
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W2526848295
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 30
- FWCI
- 23.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61434001, 61574083)
- National Key Project of Science and Technology (2011ZX02403-002)
- Independent Research Program of Tsinghua University (2014Z01006)
- National Basic Research Program (2015CB352101)
- National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFA0200404)
- Advanced Sensor and Integrated System Lab of Tsinghua University Graduate School at Shenzhen (ZDSYS20140509172959969)
- Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201303107)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- pressure sensors, strain sensors, wearable sensors, polydimethylsiloxane, chemical etching, graphene foam, flexible sensors, finger bending
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review