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Cited by 1,843Polymer Surface Interaction StudiesMarine Biology and Environmental ChemistrySurface Modification and Superhydrophobicity

Polydopamine Surface Chemistry: A Decade of Discovery

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Ryu, Ji Hyun, Messersmith, Phillip B., Lee, Haeshin·2018·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI 10.1021/acsami.7b19865PMC PMC6320233
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Abstract

Polydopamine is one of the simplest and most versatile approaches to functionalizing material surfaces, having been inspired by the adhesive nature of catechols and amines in mussel adhesive proteins. Since its first report in 2007, a decade of studies on polydopamine molecular structure, deposition conditions, and physicochemical properties have ensued. During this time, potential uses of polydopamine coatings have expanded in many unforeseen directions, seemingly only limited by the creativity of researchers seeking simple solutions to manipulating surface chemistry. In this review, we describe the current state of the art in polydopamine coating methods, describe efforts underway to uncover and tailor the complex structure and chemical properties of polydopamine, and identify emerging trends and needs in polydopamine research, including the use of dopamine analogs, nitrogen-free polyphenolic precursors, and improvement of coating mechanical properties.

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  • Prolonged reaction times lead to a gradual increase in PDA coating thickness.

    “Similarly, prolonged reaction times lead to a gradual increase in coating thickness.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [2]

    The “PD in Comparison to Other Coating Methods” section describes PD deposition as a kinetic process, supporting an increase in thickness during coating formation. But it also says deposition typically saturates below 50 nm as dopamine is depleted, so prolonged reaction time does not necessarily keep increasing thickness. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Higher pH values promote faster dopamine polymerization and result in the formation of thicker PDA coatings.

    “In general, higher pH values promote faster polymerization and result in the formation of thicker PDA coatings.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [2]

    The ‘Choice of Buffer and Solvent’ section states that maximal PD film thickness increases as solution pH rises from 5 to 8.5. It does not state that higher pH makes dopamine polymerization faster; its discussion of deposition kinetics concerns dopamine concentration instead. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Increasing dopamine monomer concentration accelerates polymerization, but excessively high concentrations induce abundant suspended PDA aggregates that compromise coating uniformity and surface quality.

    “Increasing the dopamine monomer concentration can further accelerate polymerization; however, excessively high concentrations may induce the formation of abundant suspended PDA aggregates in the solution, thereby compromising coating uniformity and surface quality.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [2]

    The “Choice of Buffer and Solvent” section (page unavailable) says dopamine concentration affects deposition kinetics and that lower concentrations reduce particle formation and aggregation, which increase coating roughness. It does not establish that increasing concentration accelerates polymerization specifically, or describe abundant suspended aggregates at excessively high concentrations. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Polydopamine is a structurally complex, melanin-like polymer formed through the oxidative polymerization of dopamine monomers, generally considered to consist primarily of dopamine, 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI), and 5,6-indolequinone units interconnected by covalent bonds and noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking.

    “Polydopamine is a structurally complex, melanin-like polymer formed through the oxidative polymerization of dopamine monomers.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [2]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Ryu, J. H., Messersmith, P. B., & Lee, H.
Affiliations
  • Wonkwang University (KR)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
  • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
Corresponding author
  • Messersmith, Phillip B.
  • Lee, Haeshin
ORCID
Venue
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2018-02-21
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
7523-7540
ISSN
  • 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
  • 1944-8252
DOI
10.1021/acsami.7b19865
PMC
PMC6320233
OpenAlex
W2788009719
Cited by
1,843
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 206 · 2025: 206 · 2024: 235 · 2023: 226 · 2022: 250 · 2021: 261 · 2020: 226 · 2019: 185 · 2018: 48
FWCI
61.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R37 DE014193)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (2015021564, NRF-2017M3C1B7014223)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01 EB005772)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
Keywords
polydopamine, surface functionalization, mussel adhesive proteins, catechol, amines, polydopamine coating, coating deposition conditions, dopamine analogs, coating mechanical properties, surface chemistry

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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