Strategies for Using Polydopamine to Induce Biomineralization of Hydroxyapatite on Implant Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering
Open accessAbstract
In the field of tissue engineering, there are several issues to consider when designing biomaterials for implants, including cellular interaction, good biocompatibility, and biochemical activity. Biomimetic mineralization has gained considerable attention as an emerging approach for the synthesis of biocompatible materials with complex shapes, categorized organization, controlled shape, and size in aqueous environments. Understanding biomineralization strategies could enhance opportunities for novel biomimetic mineralization approaches. In this regard, mussel-inspired biomaterials have recently attracted many researchers due to appealing features, such as strong adhesive properties on moist surfaces, improved cell adhesion, and immobilization of bioactive molecules via catechol chemistry. This molecular designed approach has been a key point in combining new functionalities into accessible biomaterials for biomedical applications. Polydopamine (PDA) has emerged as a promising material for biomaterial functionalization, considering its simple molecular structure, independence of target materials, cell interactions for adhesion, and robust reactivity for resulting functionalization. In this review, we highlight the strategies for using PDA to induce the biomineralization of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of various implant materials with good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. We also discuss the interactions between the PDA-HA coating, and several cell types that are intricate in many biomedical applications, involving bone defect repair, bone regeneration, cell attachment, and antibacterial activity.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review summarizes polydopamine (PDA)-assisted hydroxyapatite (HA) biomineralization (pHAF) as a versatile surface functionalization strategy for bone tissue engineering implants. It surveys applications across metals, ceramics, polymers, and carbon-based materials and discusses cellular and antibacterial interactions of PDA-HA coatings.
Key findings
- The pHAF method uses a PDA coating as an adhesive/templating layer: substrate is submerged in dopamine/Tris buffer pH 8.5, then transferred to simulated body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. On PDA-coated Ti, CaP nucleation formed hemispherical agglomerates within 1 day, covered most of the surface by day 2, and after 2 weeks CaP minerals fully covered the surface; TEM, XRD, and EDX identified the mineral as HA.
- pHAF has been applied to metals, ceramics, synthetic/natural polymers, and carbon materials. A PDA/CPP bilayer on Ti accelerated HA coating to <1 day versus the conventional 14-day pHAF; HA/PDA on porous Ti6Al4V enhanced MC3T3-E1 attachment/proliferation by ~25% and upregulated Runx2 (~1-fold), ALP (~1-fold), OCN (~1-fold), OPN (~1.5-fold), and collagen type-1 (~1.5-fold) after 14 days, with rabbit femoral condylar defect bone regeneration improved ~one fold at 12 weeks.
- PDA-HA coatings can combine osteogenic and antibacterial functions. PDA-HA-LF on Ti improved osteoblast proliferation (~20%) and ALP activity (~1.5-fold) after 4 days; HA/Ag/chitosan on Ti gave antibacterial activity against E. coli (63%) and S. aureus (51.8%) with ALP activity ~20%; PLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 increased MG-63 proliferation (~1.2-fold at day 7), calcium deposition (~2.2-fold at day 21), OCN expression (~4-fold at day 21), and ALP activity (~0.5-fold at day 21), with in vivo bone volume and BV/TV 3.18- and 3.21-fold greater than PLLA alone.
- PDA-HA functionalization also improved corrosion resistance and cell response on biodegradable metals: on Mg MAO-HA, PDA shifted water contact angle from 100.5° to 80.1°, reduced corrosion current density from 2.09 × 10−5 to 1.46 × 10−6 A/cm2, and increased cell proliferation ~1.2-fold at day 5; on AZ31, PDA/HA reduced corrosion rate to 1.82 × 10−6 A/cm2 and gave ~12% greater cell proliferation versus AZ31.
Methods
- Design: narrative review of the literature on PDA-induced HA biomineralization for bone tissue engineering; no primary experiments or systematic review protocol are described.
- Data/sample: cited studies covering implant material classes including metals (Ti-based, Mg-based, Ca-based), synthetic and natural polymers, and carbon-based materials (RGO, CNT), with in vitro and in vivo examples.
- Analysis: synthesizes reported pHAF protocols, proposed mechanisms, material characterization, cellular responses, osteogenic/antibacterial outcomes, and corrosion data across the cited studies.
Limitations
- Paper states: the detailed mechanism of PDA coating formation remains controversial/debated, and the exact mechanisms controlling cell responses to PDA, HA, or PDA-HA composites are not fully elucidated and require further investigation.
- Paper states for one included study: amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) did not show bioactivity in the final structure, though it can transform into HA.
- Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it lacks systematic search criteria, study quality assessment, and meta-analysis; findings are drawn from heterogeneous materials, cell types, assays, and time points, limiting quantitative comparability.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
16 of 114 cited sources checked · 11 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Improving surface hydrophilicity could encourage cell spreading and attachment.
“It has been discovered that improving surface hydrophilicity could encourage cell spreading and attachment [40].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [40] Zhao, 2014, Wetting failure of hydrophilic surfaces promoted by surface roughness, Sci. Rep. source
The Abstract discusses liquid spreading and dynamic wetting on hydrophilic surfaces, while the Discussion describes how roughness affects wetting at different velocities (page numbers unavailable). Searches for cell spreading and attachment found no passage linking improved surface hydrophilicity to either cellular outcome. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
The cellular response at the biomaterial-host tissue interface is critical in tissue regenerative medicine and bioengineering because it dictates the outcome of implants in biological systems.
“The cellular response at the biomaterial–host tissue interface is predominantly critical in tissue regenerative medicine and bioengineering because it eventually dictates the outcome of implants in biological systems [34,35].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Surface roughness at the micro- and sub-micro levels could facilitate osteoblast differentiation.
“Moreover, an earlier study recommended that surface roughness at the micro- and sub-micro levels could facilitate osteoblast differentiation [42].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [42] Gittens, 2011, The effects of combined micron-/submicron-scale surface roughness and nanoscale features on cell proliferation and differentiation, Biomaterials source
- Premisecitation
Calcium silicates possess superior sealing capability, which is essential for repairing defective sites.
“They possess a superior sealing capability, which is an essential factor for repairing defective sites.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
After pHAF modification, an apatite structure was obtained on the surface of electrospun PLLA fibrous membranes.
“After the modification, the apatite structure was obtained on the surface of the electrospun PLLA fibrous membranes [67]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [67] Chen, X., Zhu, L., Liu, H., Wen, W., Li, H., Zhou, C., and Luo, B. (2019). Biomineralization guided by polydopamine-modifed poly(L-lactide) fibrous membrane for promoted osteoconductive activity. Biomed. Mater., 14. source
The Introduction and section 3.2 report that hydroxyapatite minerals formed on the surface of electrospun PLLA fibrous membranes after polydopamine (PDA) modification and biomineralization. They do not identify the modification as pHAF; that specific part of the supplied claim is unsupported, although the verbatim citing sentence does not name pHAF. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Interpretationcitation
pHAF on PPBES opens a new approach for surface modification of poly(aryl ether) derivatives to extend their application in bone tissue engineering.
“The results open a new approach for surface modification of poly(aryl ether) derivatives to extend their application in bone tissue engineering [68].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [68] Liu, C., Li, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liu, W., and Jian, X. (2018). Improving Hydrophilicity and Inducing Bone-Like Apatite Formation on PPBES by Polydopamine Coating for Biomedical Application. Molecules, 23. source
- Premisecitation
Cell adhesion on modified PPBES increased by 1.2-fold as detected by scanning electron microscopy.
“while cell adhesion was increased by 1.2-fold as detected by scanning electron microscopy.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [68] Liu, C., Li, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liu, W., and Jian, X. (2018). Improving Hydrophilicity and Inducing Bone-Like Apatite Formation on PPBES by Polydopamine Coating for Biomedical Application. Molecules, 23. source
Section 2.3 (page unavailable) reports significantly more attached NIH-3T3 cells on apatite-coated than pristine PPBES and says SEM images show the difference. Our copy does not state a 1.2-fold increase. Section 3.4 (page unavailable) says cell numbers were counted with a hemocytometer, rather than quantified by SEM. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Apatite coating on PPBES exhibited particle features similar to those produced from HA.
“Apatite coating on PPBES exhibited features of particles as similar to that produced from HA.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [68] Liu, C., Li, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liu, W., and Jian, X. (2018). Improving Hydrophilicity and Inducing Bone-Like Apatite Formation on PPBES by Polydopamine Coating for Biomedical Application. Molecules, 23. source
- Premisecitation
Modified PPBES demonstrated low cytotoxicity (almost negligible) to NIH-3T3 cell lines.
“The modified PPBES demonstrated low cytotoxicity (almost negligible) to NIH-3T3 cell lines”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [68] Liu, C., Li, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liu, W., and Jian, X. (2018). Improving Hydrophilicity and Inducing Bone-Like Apatite Formation on PPBES by Polydopamine Coating for Biomedical Application. Molecules, 23. source
- Premisecitation
Improved bioactivity for bone generation was observed on modified PLLA fibrous membranes.
“Improved bioactivity for bone generation was also observed here.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [67] Chen, X., Zhu, L., Liu, H., Wen, W., Li, H., Zhou, C., and Luo, B. (2019). Biomineralization guided by polydopamine-modifed poly(L-lactide) fibrous membrane for promoted osteoconductive activity. Biomed. Mater., 14. source
- Premisecitation
HA/PDA-OTMS showed elevated levels of osteogenesis-related genes ALP (~2-fold), OCN (~4.5-fold), and collagen type-1 (~4-fold) after 30 days of culture.
“It also showed the elevated levels of osteogenesis-related genes such as ALP (~2-fold), OCN (~4.5-fold), collagen type-1 (~4-fold) after 30 days of culture.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [74] Zhang, 2020, Polydopamine regulated hydroxyapatite microspheres grown in the three-dimensional honeycomb-like mollusk shell-derived organic template for osteogenesis, Biofabrication source
Section 3.7 reports significantly higher ALP, OCN, and Col-1 mRNA levels in HA/pDA-OTMS groups than in pure OTMS, but does not give the claimed fold changes. Section 2.12 says the cells were cultured for 7 days before gene-expression testing, not 30 days; “30d HA/pDA-OTMS” names a sample group. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
The HA/PDA-OTMS 3D-construct composite offered suitable 3D support for osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
“This 3D-construct composite offered suitable 3D support for osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [74] Zhang, 2020, Polydopamine regulated hydroxyapatite microspheres grown in the three-dimensional honeycomb-like mollusk shell-derived organic template for osteogenesis, Biofabrication source
- Premisecitation
Biomimetic OTMS allowed the smallest material to generate a stable geometric space, providing elevated HA loading capacity.
“Due to excellent biocompatibility, this biomimetic OTMS allowed the smallest material to generate a stable geometric space, providing elevated HA loading capacity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [74] Zhang, 2020, Polydopamine regulated hydroxyapatite microspheres grown in the three-dimensional honeycomb-like mollusk shell-derived organic template for osteogenesis, Biofabrication source
- Interpretationcitation
Immobilization of cellular growth factors within mineral deposit coatings could provide prolonged delivery of these biomolecules, thus supporting bone tissue regeneration.
“Moreover, it was underscored that immobilization of cellular growth factors within the mineral deposit coatings could provide prolonged delivery of these biomolecules, thus supporting bone tissue regeneration [74].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [74] Zhang, 2020, Polydopamine regulated hydroxyapatite microspheres grown in the three-dimensional honeycomb-like mollusk shell-derived organic template for osteogenesis, Biofabrication source
Section 3.2 reports that the mineralized HA/pDA-OTMS material adsorbed more of a model protein, BSA, and the Discussion links the constructs to bone healing. Neither section reports immobilizing cellular growth factors within mineral deposits or their prolonged delivery; the protein assay measured adsorption, not release. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Findingown data
The CaP biomineral formed on PDA-coated material was HA biomineral, as shown by TEM, XRD, and EDX.
“Several physical characterizations, such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out, showing the CaP biomineral was HA biomineral (Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
PDA nanospheres can play the role of template materials for mineralizing HA.
“Not limited to the PDA thin-film structure, PDA nanospheres can play the role of template materials for mineralizing HA.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [32] Ghorbani, 2019, A facile method to synthesize mussel-inspired polydopamine nanospheres as an active template for in situ formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite, Mater. Sci. Eng. C source
- Premisecitation
The pHAF coating can modify a non-bioactive surface into a bioactive one.
“Other reports emphasized that the pHAF coating can modify a non-bioactive surface into a bioactive one [27].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] Ku, 2010, General functionalization route for cell adhesion on non-wetting surfaces, Biomaterials source
- Premisecitation
HA biomineral was easily generated on PDA nanosphere surfaces in SBF solution.
“Similar to thin-film PDA, the HA biomineral was easily generated on PDA nanosphere surfaces in SBF solution [32].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [32] Ghorbani, 2019, A facile method to synthesize mussel-inspired polydopamine nanospheres as an active template for in situ formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite, Mater. Sci. Eng. C source
- Premisecitation
The surface of Ti alloy can be improved by the pHAF method using PDA coating and the growth of HA in SBF.
“An earlier report showed that the surface of Ti alloy could be improved by the pHAF method using PDA coating and the growth of HA in SBF.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [46] Lee, 2013, In vitro effects of mussel-inspired polydopamine coating on Ti6Al4V alloy, Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. source
- Premisecitation
The formation of PDA and HA can be achieved by employing an electrochemical approach.
“Interestingly, the formation of PDA and HA can also be achieved by employing an electrochemical approach [30,31].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [30] Zhou, 2019, A Mussel-Inspired Persistent ROS-Scavenging, Electroactive, and Osteoinductive Scaffold Based on Electrochemical-Driven In Situ Nanoassembly, Small source
- cites [31] Xie, 2016, Pulse Electrochemical Driven Rapid Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polydopamine and Hydroxyapatite Nanofilms via Alternative Redox in Situ Synthesis for Bone Regeneration, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. source
- Premisecitation
HA over PDA coatings could promote osteogenic differentiation for enhanced bone formation in vivo and in vitro.
“Ko et al. established a functional electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous scaffold functionalized with two-stage HA particles, using PDA chemistry and fruitfully confirmed that HA over PDA coatings could promote osteogenic differentiation for enhanced bone formation in vivo and in vitro (Figure 4) [43].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] Ko, 2018, Electrospun Silk Fibroin Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Two-Stage Hydroxyapatite Functionalization for Enhancing the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Interpretationreasoning
The bioactive benefits of surface roughness and HA coating could be the reasons for the HA-PDA-HA/P66 substrate supporting osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2.
“Hence, the bioactive benefits of the surface roughness and HA coating could be the reasons for the HA-PDA-HA/P66 substrate supporting osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells, named as C3H10T1/2.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
The final product of HA on PDA spheres showed good biocompatibility for improving cell attachment on HA-coated constructs.
“The final product also showed good biocompatibility for improving cell attachment on HA-coated constructs.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [33] Ghorbani, 2019, Bone-like hydroxyapatite mineralization on the bio-inspired PDA nanoparticles using microwave irradiation, Surf. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
In PED, the formation of PDA and HA can occur alternatively in a single chemical bath by alternating the applied voltage.
“In PED, the formation of PDA and HA can occur alternatively in a single chemical bath by alternating the applied voltage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31] Xie, 2016, Pulse Electrochemical Driven Rapid Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polydopamine and Hydroxyapatite Nanofilms via Alternative Redox in Situ Synthesis for Bone Regeneration, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. source
- Premisecitation
The outer layer of CPP acted as a template to bind Ca2+ to promote nucleation and growth of HA in SBF.
“The outer layer of the CPP acted as a template to bind Ca2+ to promote nucleation and growth of HA in SBF.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [50] Wu, 2017, PDA/CPP bilayer prepared via two-step immersion for accelerating the formation of a crack-free biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on titanium substrates, Mater. Lett. source
- Premisecitation
The PDA/CPP worked as the supporting template that enhanced binding between the HA and Ti substrate.
“The PDA/CPP worked as the supporting template that enhanced binding between the HA and Ti substrate.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [50] Wu, 2017, PDA/CPP bilayer prepared via two-step immersion for accelerating the formation of a crack-free biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on titanium substrates, Mater. Lett. source
- Interpretationreasoning
The strategy of HA coating using PDA on HA/P66 successfully improves the capacity of biomaterials for better osteogenic induction in vitro and in vivo.
“This strategy successfully improves the capacity of biomaterials for better osteogenic induction as seen in vitro, as well as in vivo.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
The PDA-coated Ti alloy showed better apatite formation ability than the pure Ti alloy, as demonstrated by HA formation after SBF immersion for 10 days using SEM.
“The PDA-coated Ti alloy showed better apatite formation ability than the pure Ti alloy, as demonstrated by HA formation followed with SBF immersion for 10 days, using scanning electron microscopy.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [46] Lee, 2013, In vitro effects of mussel-inspired polydopamine coating on Ti6Al4V alloy, Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. source
- Premisecitation
Surface modification of Ti alloy by coating with PDA did not alter the biological properties of the Ti alloy.
“It is worth to mention that the surface modification of the Ti alloy by coating with PDA did not alter the biological properties of the Ti alloy [46].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [46] Lee, 2013, In vitro effects of mussel-inspired polydopamine coating on Ti6Al4V alloy, Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. source
- Interpretationreasoning
The formation of CaP biominerals onto the PDA-coated surface is based on the layer-by-layer growing model due to the strong affinity of CaP with the PDA moieties.
“The morphological change suggests that the formation of CaP biominerals onto the PDA-coated surface is based on the layer-by-layer growing model due to the strong affinity of CaP with the PDA moieties.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
The biomimetic formation of HA on PDA spheres was accelerated using microwave radiation.
“In another study by the same group, the biomimetic formation of HA on PDA spheres was accelerated using microwave radiation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [33] Ghorbani, 2019, Bone-like hydroxyapatite mineralization on the bio-inspired PDA nanoparticles using microwave irradiation, Surf. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
Surface roughness increased cell attachment owing to its increased protein absorption.
“Surface roughness increased cell attachment owing to its increased protein absorption [41].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [41] Schille, 2017, Effect of surface modification of zirconia on cell adhesion, metabolic activity and proliferation of human osteoblasts, Biomed. Eng./Biomed. Tech.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Incorporating HA on HDA-Ti promoted the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells, as visualized by higher expression of vinculin and osteoblast precursor ALP activity (~12%).
“The in vitro test results demonstrated that incorporating HA on HDA-Ti promoted the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells, as visualized by higher expression of vinculin, an intracellular protein responsible for the focal adhesions to the actin cytoskeleton, in the cytoplasm of cells cultured on HDA-Ti surface and osteoblast precursor alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (~12%).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [49] Zhe, 2016, Facile incorporation of hydroxyapatite onto an anodized Ti surface via a mussel inspired polydopamine coating, Appl. Surf. Sci. source
- Interpretationcitation
Biomimetic PDA can arrange HA coatings onto various magnesium alloys for corrosion protection.
“This method offers the possibility of using biomimetic PDA to arrange HA coatings onto the various magnesium alloys for corrosion protection [57].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] Lin, 2015, Preparation and characterization of dopamine-induced biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on the AZ31 magnesium alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
- Premisecitation
The PDA-HA-LF modified Ti implant increases osteoblast ALP activity by approximately 1.5 fold after four days of culture.
“The modified Ti implant could greatly improve the proliferation (~20%) and differentiation (increased ALP activity ~1.5 fold) of osteoblasts after four days of culture [52]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [52] Shen, 2018, Polydopamine-Assisted Hydroxyapatite and Lactoferrin Multilayer on Titanium for Regulating Bone Balance and Enhancing Antibacterial Property, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. source
- Premisecitation
Addition of CMCS provides the surface with a more effective antibacterial effect.
“The addition of CMCS provided the surface with a more effective antibacterial effect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] Yang, 2018, Dopamine self-polymerized along with hydroxyapatite onto the preactivated titanium percutaneous implants surface to promote human gingival fibroblast behavior and antimicrobial activity for biological sealing, J. Biomater. Appl. source
- Premisecitation
AZ31/PDA/HA exhibits the approximately 12% largest number of cell proliferation compared to the AZ31 surface.
“AZ31/PDA/HA exhibited the ~12% largest number of cell proliferation as compared to the AZ31 surface.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] Lin, 2015, Preparation and characterization of dopamine-induced biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on the AZ31 magnesium alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
- Interpretationown data
Incorporation of HA and CMCS further promotes cell proliferation.
“indicating that the incorporation of HA and CMCS could further promote cell proliferation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationcitation
Similar HA coatings on biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloys can be achieved with a biomimetic strategy using PDA.
“Interestingly, their methods suggest that similar HA coatings on biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloys could be achieved with a biomimetic strategy using PDA.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] Lin, 2015, Preparation and characterization of dopamine-induced biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on the AZ31 magnesium alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
- Interpretationnone given
Cytotoxicity of lactoferrin is improved through polydopamine-assisted hydroxyapatite deposition.
“Interestingly, cytotoxicity of LF was improved through PDA-assisted HA deposition.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Excessive concentration of lactoferrin is toxic to osteoblasts.
- Rests on an assumption: Excessive concentration of lactoferrin inhibits growth of osteoclasts and bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.
- Premisecitation
PDA-CPC soaked in SBF promotes rapid mineralization of a nanoscale HA layer onto its surface.
“PDA-CPC was then soaked in SBF, thus promoting the rapid mineralization of a nanoscale HA layer onto its surface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [58] Liu, 2014, Effect of polydopamine on the biomimetic mineralization of mussel-inspired calcium phosphate cement in vitro, Mater. Sci. Eng. C source
- Premiseown data
The improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation was largely due to PDA deposition and RGD incorporation but not HA nanoparticles alone.
“It is worth to mention that the improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation was largely due to PDA deposition and RGD incorporation but not HA nanoparticles alone.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [51] Chien, 2013, Poly(dopamine)-assisted immobilization of Arg-Gly-Asp peptides, hydroxyapatite, and bone morphogenic protein-2 on titanium to improve the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
Cell proliferation was not much affected by the incorporation of HA nanoparticles.
“Of note, cell proliferation was not much affected by the incorporation of HA nanoparticles.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [51] Chien, 2013, Poly(dopamine)-assisted immobilization of Arg-Gly-Asp peptides, hydroxyapatite, and bone morphogenic protein-2 on titanium to improve the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
AH-Ti-PDA-HA-CMCS has the maximum approximately 20% increase in HGF cell proliferation.
“Notably, AH-Ti-PDA-HA-CMCS had the maximum (~20%) increase in HGF cell proliferation with adhesion (~12%) properties and FN absorption (~15%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] Yang, 2018, Dopamine self-polymerized along with hydroxyapatite onto the preactivated titanium percutaneous implants surface to promote human gingival fibroblast behavior and antimicrobial activity for biological sealing, J. Biomater. Appl. source
- Premisecitation
Hydrated TCS substrate provides continuous release of Ca(OH)2, making a favorable environment for DA self-polymerization.
“The use of hydrated TCS substrate provides a continuous release of Ca(OH)2, which makes a favorable environment for DA self-polymerization.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [61] Wu, 2019, Preparation of bio-inspired polydopamine coating on hydrated tricalcium silicate substrate to accelerate hydroxyapatite mineralization, Mater. Lett. source
- Premisecitation
Amorphous calcium phosphate can quickly precipitate on the PDA-coated TCS surface within 5 min in SBF.
“Additionally, they showed that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), a precursor phase of bone-like HA, could quickly precipitate on the PDA-coated TCS surface within 5 min in SBF.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [61] Wu, 2019, Preparation of bio-inspired polydopamine coating on hydrated tricalcium silicate substrate to accelerate hydroxyapatite mineralization, Mater. Lett. source
- Premisecitation
HA/PDA coating on porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds enhances attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells by approximately 25% compared to non-modified surfaces.
“They stated that the attachment and proliferation of mouse preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were approximately 25% enhanced by the HA/PDA coating on the scaffold surface as compared to the non-modified surfaces.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [55] Li, 2015, Improving Osteointegration and Osteogenesis of Three-Dimensional Porous Ti6Al4V Scaffolds by Polydopamine-Assisted Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Coating, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
Bidentate hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions produce a strong attachment between hydrated TCS surface and PDA coating.
“This process is based on the fact that bidentate hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions produce a strong attachment amid a hydrated TCS surface and PDA coating.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [61] Wu, 2019, Preparation of bio-inspired polydopamine coating on hydrated tricalcium silicate substrate to accelerate hydroxyapatite mineralization, Mater. Lett. source
- Premisecitation
AH-Ti-PDA-HA-CMCS has approximately 12% increase in HGF adhesion properties.
“Notably, AH-Ti-PDA-HA-CMCS had the maximum (~20%) increase in HGF cell proliferation with adhesion (~12%) properties and FN absorption (~15%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] Yang, 2018, Dopamine self-polymerized along with hydroxyapatite onto the preactivated titanium percutaneous implants surface to promote human gingival fibroblast behavior and antimicrobial activity for biological sealing, J. Biomater. Appl. source
- Premisecitation
AH-Ti-PDA-HA-CMCS has approximately 15% increase in FN absorption.
“Notably, AH-Ti-PDA-HA-CMCS had the maximum (~20%) increase in HGF cell proliferation with adhesion (~12%) properties and FN absorption (~15%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] Yang, 2018, Dopamine self-polymerized along with hydroxyapatite onto the preactivated titanium percutaneous implants surface to promote human gingival fibroblast behavior and antimicrobial activity for biological sealing, J. Biomater. Appl. source
- Premisecitation
The PDA-HA-LF modified Ti implant greatly improves osteoblast proliferation by approximately 20% after four days of culture.
“The modified Ti implant could greatly improve the proliferation (~20%) and differentiation (increased ALP activity ~1.5 fold) of osteoblasts after four days of culture [52]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [52] Shen, 2018, Polydopamine-Assisted Hydroxyapatite and Lactoferrin Multilayer on Titanium for Regulating Bone Balance and Enhancing Antibacterial Property, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. source
- Premisecitation
At five days, AH-Ti-PDA-HA and AH-Ti-PDA-CMCS surfaces have approximately 5% higher HGF proliferation than AH-Ti-PDA.
“They showed that AH-Ti-PDA-HA and AH-Ti-PDA-CMCS were slightly (~5%) higher than AH-Ti-PDA at five days, indicating that the incorporation of HA and CMCS could further promote cell proliferation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] Yang, 2018, Dopamine self-polymerized along with hydroxyapatite onto the preactivated titanium percutaneous implants surface to promote human gingival fibroblast behavior and antimicrobial activity for biological sealing, J. Biomater. Appl. source
- Premisecitation
The PDA-modified AH-Ti surface is a superior substrate for human gingival fibroblast adhesion, spread, and proliferation.
“The results indicated that the PDA-modified AH-Ti surface was a superior substrate for human gingival fibroblast (HGF) adhesion, spread, and proliferation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] Yang, 2018, Dopamine self-polymerized along with hydroxyapatite onto the preactivated titanium percutaneous implants surface to promote human gingival fibroblast behavior and antimicrobial activity for biological sealing, J. Biomater. Appl. source
- Premisecitation
Corelease of Ca(OH)2 from the TCS substrate accelerates covalent polymerization of DA, leading to faster deposition of PDA coating on TCS.
“The corelease of Ca(OH)2 from the TCS substrate accelerated the covalent polymerization of DA, leading to faster deposition of PDA coating on TCS.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [61] Wu, 2019, Preparation of bio-inspired polydopamine coating on hydrated tricalcium silicate substrate to accelerate hydroxyapatite mineralization, Mater. Lett. source
- Premisecitation
PDA/HA-coated AZ31 magnesium alloys decrease the corrosion rate to 1.82 × 10−6 A/cm2.
“These PDA/HA-coated AZ31 magnesium alloys also decreased the corrosion rate (1.82 × 10−6 A/cm2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] Lin, 2015, Preparation and characterization of dopamine-induced biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on the AZ31 magnesium alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
- Premisecitation
Elevated expression levels of BSP, RunX2, ALP, OPN, and OCN suggest improved osteogenic differentiation.
“Elevated expression levels of BSP (bone sialoprotein), RunX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), ALP, OPN (osteopontin), and OCN (osteocalcin) further suggests the improved osteogenic differentiation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [51] Chien, 2013, Poly(dopamine)-assisted immobilization of Arg-Gly-Asp peptides, hydroxyapatite, and bone morphogenic protein-2 on titanium to improve the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
PDA/MAO-HA coatings have better corrosion resistance, with corrosion current density declining from 2.09 × 10−5 A/cm2 to 1.46 × 10−6 A/cm2.
“In vitro experiments showed that the PDA/MAO-HA coatings revealed better corrosion resistance, with the corrosion current density declining from 2.09 × 10−5 A/cm2 to 1.46 × 10−6 A/cm2.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] Feng, 2017, Characterization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine on MAO-HA coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, Surf. Interface Anal. source
- Premisecitation
Addition of PDA coating transforms the surface wettability of MAO-HA from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
“The key outcome was that the addition of PDA coating transformed the surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] Feng, 2017, Characterization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine on MAO-HA coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, Surf. Interface Anal. source
- Premisecitation
MC3T3-E1 cells grown on HA/PDA-coated Ti6Al4V scaffolds show upregulation of osteogenic genes Runx2 (~1-fold), ALP (~1-fold), OCN (~1-fold), OPN (~1.5-fold), and collagen type-1 (~1.5-fold) compared with bare Ti6Al4V scaffolds after 14 days of culture.
“MC3T3-E1 grown on the HA/PDA-coated Ti6Al4V scaffolds showed upregulation of osteogenic genes, such as Runx2 (~1-fold), ALP (~1-fold), OCN (~1-fold), OPN (~1.5-fold), and collagen type-1 (~1.5-fold) compared with bare Ti6Al4V scaffolds after 14 days of culture.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [55] Li, 2015, Improving Osteointegration and Osteogenesis of Three-Dimensional Porous Ti6Al4V Scaffolds by Polydopamine-Assisted Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Coating, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Interpretationcitation
PDA modification of CaP-based biomaterials is a possible route for surface modification.
“This investigated method postulates a possible route for surface modification of CaP-based biomaterials.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [58] Liu, 2014, Effect of polydopamine on the biomimetic mineralization of mussel-inspired calcium phosphate cement in vitro, Mater. Sci. Eng. C source
- Premisecitation
PDA accelerates the conversion of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and α-tricalcium phosphate into HA in the early stages.
“Specifically, PDA accelerated the conversion of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and α-tricalcium phosphate into HA in the early stages.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [58] Liu, 2014, Effect of polydopamine on the biomimetic mineralization of mussel-inspired calcium phosphate cement in vitro, Mater. Sci. Eng. C source
- Premisecitation
PLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 improves ALP activity (~0.5-fold at day 21).
“ALP activity (~0.5-fold at day 21)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
CaCO3 crystalline microspheres incorporating DA are easily transformed into carbonated HA crystals when incubated in SBF at human body temperature.
“Kim et al. synthesized CaCO3 crystalline microspheres by incorporating DA that was easily transformed into carbonated HA crystals when incubated in SBF at human body temperature [64].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [64] Kim, 2010, Mussel-inspired transformation of CaCO3to bone minerals, Biomaterials source
- Premisecitation
Synthesized microspheres showed no negative effects on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regardless of strong antibacterial activity in in-vitro studies.
“Interestingly, these synthesized microspheres showed no negative effects on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regardless of strong antibacterial activity as seen in in-vitro studies.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [70] Wei, 2019, Regenerating infected bone defects with osteocompatible microspheres possessing antibacterial activity, Biomater. Sci. source
- Premisecitation
The GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel had improved stability.
“Besides improved mechanical strength, the swelling ratio (~70% reduction from GelMA hydrogels) and the stability of the GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel were improved.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
- Premisecitation
Bone volume (BV) of PLLA/pDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 was 3.18-fold greater than PLLA alone.
“The bone volume (BV) and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio of PLLA/pDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 was 3.18- and 3.21-fold greater than PLLA alone [66].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
PLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 improves OCN gene expression (~4-fold at day 21).
“OCN gene expression (~4-fold at day 21)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Interpretationreasoning
8% PDA-PAM/ACP hydrogels could be a favorable approach for repairing skull defects.
“This attempt could be a favorable approach for repairing skull defects using 8% PDA-PAM/ACP hydrogels.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
The GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel had improved mechanical strength.
“Besides improved mechanical strength, the swelling ratio (~70% reduction from GelMA hydrogels) and the stability of the GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel were improved.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
- Interpretationcitation
An in situ bone regeneration strategy combining recruitment of endogenous stem cells from bone marrow to defective sites and implantation of a highly biocompatible and osteoinductive cell-free scaffold system has potential as an effective therapeutic in regenerative medicine.
“Thus, this in situ bone regeneration strategy, which combines the recruitment of endogenous stem cells from the bone marrow to defective sites, and implantation of a highly biocompatible and osteoinductive cell-free scaffold system, has potential as an effective therapeutic in regenerative medicine.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [69] Lee, 2017, In Situ Bone Tissue Engineering With an Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilizer and Osteoinductive Nanofibrous Polymeric Scaffolds, Biotechnol. J. source
- Premisecitation
Bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio of PLLA/pDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 was 3.21-fold greater than PLLA alone.
“The bone volume (BV) and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio of PLLA/pDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 was 3.18- and 3.21-fold greater than PLLA alone [66].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
Compared to PCL, the PCL-PDA-HA scaffold demonstrated superior mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Young's modulus.
“Compared to PCL, the resulting scaffold demonstrated superior mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Young’s modulus.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [69] Lee, 2017, In Situ Bone Tissue Engineering With an Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilizer and Osteoinductive Nanofibrous Polymeric Scaffolds, Biotechnol. J. source
- Premisecitation
PLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 improves calcium deposition (~2.2-fold at day 21).
“calcium deposition (~2.2-fold at day 21)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
PLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 increases adhesion and cell proliferation (~1.2-fold at day 7) of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on the modified surface.
“thereby increasing the adhesion and cell proliferation (~1.2-fold at day 7) of the osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line on the modified surface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
The subchondral bone regeneration capacity of bilayer hydrogels was 20% higher compared to pure GelMA hydrogels.
“They observed that the subchondral bone regeneration capacity of bilayer hydrogels was 20% higher compared to pure GelMA hydrogels”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
- Premisecitation
When bone defects (φ = 8 mm) were initiated using S. aureus bacteria, dual-purpose microspheres proved effective for killing bacteria in the rat cranium.
“when bone defects (ϕ = 8 mm) were initiated using S. aureus bacteria, the dual-purpose microspheres proved an effective approach for killing bacteria in the rat cranium”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [70] Wei, 2019, Regenerating infected bone defects with osteocompatible microspheres possessing antibacterial activity, Biomater. Sci. source
- Premisecitation
The 3D microstructure of the PCL-PDA-HA scaffold was suitable for the survival and differentiation of stem cells.
“The 3D microstructure of the PCL-PDA-HA scaffold was suitable for the survival and differentiation of stem cells.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [69] Lee, 2017, In Situ Bone Tissue Engineering With an Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilizer and Osteoinductive Nanofibrous Polymeric Scaffolds, Biotechnol. J. source
- Premisecitation
Use of modified composite PLLA/pDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 improved bone formation of the in vivo system at the interface.
“Their findings suggest that the use of modified composite PLLA/pDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 improved bone formation of the in vivo system at the interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
Dual-purpose microspheres stimulated new bone formation efficiently as observed by higher expression of osteogenic genes OPN (~5%), OCN (~4%), and collagen type-1 (~8%) at day 14.
“and at the same time stimulating new bone formation efficiently as observed by the higher expression of osteogenic genes OPN (~5%), OCN (~4%), and collagen type-1 (~8%) at day 14.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [70] Wei, 2019, Regenerating infected bone defects with osteocompatible microspheres possessing antibacterial activity, Biomater. Sci. source
- Premisecitation
Incorporation of growth factors in bilayer hydrogels further improved bone tissue regeneration by 20%.
“and the incorporation of growth factors in bilayer hydrogels further improved bone tissue regeneration by 20%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
- Premisecitation
The GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel had a swelling ratio ~70% lower than GelMA hydrogels.
“Besides improved mechanical strength, the swelling ratio (~70% reduction from GelMA hydrogels) and the stability of the GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel were improved.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
- Premisecitation
PDA-PAM/ACP hydrogels stimulate bone formation, evidenced by high expression of ALP (~2.5-fold), Runx2 (~1.2-fold), and OCN (~<1-fold) at 14 days of culture.
“It was determined that the PDA-PAM/ACP hydrogels stimulate bone formation, evidenced by the high expression of ALP (~2.5-fold), Runx2 (~1.2-fold), and OCN (~<1-fold) involved in the osteogenic activity at 14 days of culture.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [63] Lin, 2020, Integrated Design of a Mussel-Inspired Hydrogel Biofilm Composite Structure to Guide Bone Regeneration, Macromol. Mater. Eng. source
- Interpretationcitation
An effective strategy employs mobilization of stem cells to the injury site, supported by a bioactive implant material to promote bone generation.
“This work demonstrates that an effective strategy employs the mobilization of stem cells to the injury site, and is supported by a bioactive implant material to promote bone generation [69].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [69] Lee, 2017, In Situ Bone Tissue Engineering With an Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilizer and Osteoinductive Nanofibrous Polymeric Scaffolds, Biotechnol. J. source
- Premisecitation
GelMA-PDA/HA tested in vivo for knee joint defect reparation in rabbits showed higher subchondral bone formation compared to pristine GelMA.
“In addition, the GelMA-PDA/HA was also tested in vivo for knee joint defect reparation in rabbits, showing higher subchondral bone formation compared to pristine GelIMA.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
- Premisecitation
8% PDA-PAM/ACP gel efficiently repairs skull defects in vivo.
“Remarkably, 8% PDA-PAM/ACP gel efficiently repairs skull defects in vivo.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [63] Lin, 2020, Integrated Design of a Mussel-Inspired Hydrogel Biofilm Composite Structure to Guide Bone Regeneration, Macromol. Mater. Eng. source
- Premisecitation
Lee et al. coated the CNT surface with 5 nm of PDA, enhancing the dispersion of CNT in aqueous medium.
“Lee et al. coated the CNT surface with 5 nm of PDA, thus enhancing the dispersion of CNT in the aqueous medium [80].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [80] Lee, 2010, Mussel-inspired functionalization of carbon nanotubes for hydroxyapatite mineralization, J. Mater. Chem. source
- Premisecitation
Hybrid RGO-HA demonstrated great biocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells.
“The hybrid RGO-HA demonstrated great biocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [77] Liu, 2012, Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for hydroxyapatite mineralization, J. Phys. Chem. C source
- Premisecitation
HA biomineral generated by pHAF on a reduced RGO surface had a similar chemical composition to biological apatite in the human body.
“Impressively, the HA biomineral generated by this method had a similar chemical composition to biological apatite in the human body.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [77] Liu, 2012, Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for hydroxyapatite mineralization, J. Phys. Chem. C source
- Premisereasoning
Due to improved dispersion, HA was easily mineralized onto the CNTs' surface using SBF solution.
“Due to the improved dispersion, HA was then easily mineralized onto the CNTs’ surface using the SBF solution.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Crystallinity and wettability properties were improved with the longest immersion time.
“Moreover, the crystallinity and wettability properties were improved with the longest immersion time.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [72] Tapsir, 2016, Synthesis and characterization of collagen-hydroxyapatite immobilized on polydopamine grafted stainless steel, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
- Premisecitation
A PDA-assisted layer-by-layer hybrid coating of HA, Ag nanoparticles, and chitosan on Ti provides suitable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (63%) and Staphylococcus aureus (51.8%).
“This method revealed that these hybrid coatings could provide Ti implants with suitable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (63%) and Staphylococcus aureus (51.8%)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [73] Li, 2016, Dopamine Modified Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Premisecitation
CNT-PDA maintained high dispersity in water for a few weeks after preparation.
“Similar results were observed in a study by Yan et al., which showed that the CNT-PDA maintained high dispersity in water for a few weeks after preparation [81].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [81] Yan, 2011, The in vitro biomineralization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine coated carbon nanotubes, Appl. Surf. Sci. source
- Premisecitation
The hybrid coating provides osteogenic activity confirmed by high ALP activities (~20%).
“as well as osteogenic activity, confirmed by high ALP activities (~20%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [73] Li, 2016, Dopamine Modified Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
- Interpretationnone given
PDA coating provides a simple one-step protocol that could be used for deposition on any substrate materials, regardless of material chemistry and dimensionality.
“The broad use of PDA coating provides a simple one-step protocol that could be used for deposition on any substrate materials, regardless of material chemistry and dimensionality.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
CNT-PDA-HA hybrid demonstrated lower cytotoxicity (63%) compared with pristine CNT (73%) when tested with osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
“The CNT-PDA-HA hybrid demonstrated lower cytotoxicity (63%) compared with pristine CNT (73%) when tested with osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells [80,81].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
With the combination of unique RGO and PDA-HA properties, the hybrid material possesses great potential for implantation and other biomedical purposes.
“With the combination of unique RGO and PDA-HA properties, this hybrid material possesses great potential, not only for implantation but also for other biomedical purposes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [77] Liu, 2012, Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for hydroxyapatite mineralization, J. Phys. Chem. C source
- May combine two claims. 27
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 11
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationSubstrate-decorated PDA coatings could increase cell affinity and foster cell behavior as compared with bare substrates.
“It has been proved that substrate-decorated PDA coatings could increase cell affinity and foster cell behavior as compared with bare substrates [47,48].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [47] Ku, 2010, Human endothelial cell growth on mussel-inspired nanofiber scaffold for vascular tissue engineering, Biomaterials source
- cites [48] Wu, 2011, Mussel-inspired porous SiO2 scaffolds with improved mineralization and cytocompatibility for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering, J. Mater. Chem. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe HA coating formation time on the PDA/CPP substrate through the biomimetic HA coating method was less than one day, compared with the conventional pHAF method which requires 14 days.
“Moreover, the HA coating formation time on this substrate through the biomimetic HA coating method was less than one day, which was lesser as compared with the conventional pHAF method, which requires 14 days.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [50] Wu, 2017, PDA/CPP bilayer prepared via two-step immersion for accelerating the formation of a crack-free biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on titanium substrates, Mater. Lett. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe HAD-Ti surface showed outstanding corrosion resistance and a strong affinity to water compared to the pristine surface.
“The HAD-Ti surface showed outstanding corrosion resistance (increased potentiodynamic polarization curves) and a strong affinity to water compared to the pristine surface.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [49] Zhe, 2016, Facile incorporation of hydroxyapatite onto an anodized Ti surface via a mussel inspired polydopamine coating, Appl. Surf. Sci. source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenThe pHAF approach can be applied to a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers.
“Interestingly, the pHAF approach can be applied to a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe PDA coating layer plays an anchoring role in binding Ca2+ cations onto the substrate and cultivates the nucleation of HA biominerals.
“Noteworthy, the PDA coating layer not only played an anchoring role in binding Ca2+ cations onto the substrate but also cultivated the nucleation of HA biominerals.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Interpretationnone givenBone reconstruction in vivo is closely correlated with the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro.
“This type of reconstruction of bone in vivo is closely correlated with the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe main reason that the HA coating promotes osteogenesis is possibly a combination of boosted hydrophilic improvement along with surface roughness and contact of more bioactive HA particles due to the presence of PDA.
“The main reason that the HA coating promotes osteogenesis is possibly a combination of boosted hydrophilic improvement along with surface roughness and contact of more bioactive HA particles due to the presence of PDA.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThese landscapes may provide more osteoinductive and osteoconductive potentiating scaffolds for cellular protein binding, which promote osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
“These landscapes may provide more osteoinductive and osteoconductive potentiating scaffolds for cellular protein binding, which promote osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPDA-HA has high osteoconductivity and biocompatibility when applied, as shown by both in vitro and in vivo studies.
“Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that PDA-HA has high osteoconductivity and biocompatibility when applied.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31] Xie, 2016, Pulse Electrochemical Driven Rapid Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polydopamine and Hydroxyapatite Nanofilms via Alternative Redox in Situ Synthesis for Bone Regeneration, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAfter seven days of culture, the cell number on Ti-DA/RGD/HA was about 4.42 × 104 cells/cm2, higher than on Ti-DA/HA (2.65 × 104 cells/cm2).
“They found that after seven days of culture, the cell number on Ti-DA/RGD/HA was about 4.42 × 104 cells/cm2, higher than the Ti-DA/HA (2.65 × 104 cells/cm2) only.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [51] Chien, 2013, Poly(dopamine)-assisted immobilization of Arg-Gly-Asp peptides, hydroxyapatite, and bone morphogenic protein-2 on titanium to improve the osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Interpretationnone givenThe accurate mechanisms that control how cells respond to PDA and HA or PDA-HA composite together are not fully elucidated and need further investigation.
“Notwithstanding such preceding fundamental studies, the accurate mechanisms that control how cells respond to PDA and HA or PDA-HA composite together still not fully elucidated so far and need to be investigated further.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationTitanium-based materials are the most commonly used metallic materials in biomedical applications due to their biocompatible and corrosion resistance properties, suitable for bone tissue engineering.
“Titanium (Ti)-based are the most commonly used metallic materials in biomedical applications due to their biocompatible and corrosion resistance properties, which are suitable for practical applications in bone tissue engineering [45].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [45] Mishnaevsky, 2014, Nanostructured titanium-based materials for medical implants: Modeling and development, Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningCombining improved soft tissue integration and antibacterial properties can be achieved by using PDA-modified AH pre-treated Ti implants, with potential in optimizing dental implant design.
“This suggested that combining both improved soft tissue integration and antibacterial properties could be achieved by using PDA-modified AH pre-treated Ti implants, which has huge potential in optimizing dental implant design.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationThe HA layer on PDA-CPC acquires a large surface area, which beneficially influences cell proliferation and proteins.
“The HA layer eventually acquired a large surface area, which beneficially influenced cell proliferation and proteins.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [58] Liu, 2014, Effect of polydopamine on the biomimetic mineralization of mussel-inspired calcium phosphate cement in vitro, Mater. Sci. Eng. C source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationModified AZ31 is not cytotoxic for L929 fibroblast cells and promotes cell growth.
“Cytotoxicity assessment and morphology analysis observations also demonstrated that the modified AZ31 is not cytotoxic for L929 fibroblast cells, and promoted cell growth.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] Lin, 2015, Preparation and characterization of dopamine-induced biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on the AZ31 magnesium alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningPDA-HA-LF modified Ti implants have the potential to regulate the balance between bone resorption and bone formation, with an evident antibacterial effect.
“These modified Ti implants have the potential to regulate the balance amid bone resorption and bone formation, with an evident antibacterial effect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPDA/MAO-HA coating exhibits good biocompatibility with increased cell proliferation (~1.2-fold at day 5) and cell adhesion properties.
“The cell-surface interaction experiment showed that the PDA/MAO-HA coating exhibited good biocompatibility with increased cell proliferation (~1.2-fold at day 5), and cell adhesion properties as seen by scanning electron microscopy.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] Feng, 2017, Characterization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine on MAO-HA coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, Surf. Interface Anal. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationTi implant surfaces modified with LF peptide show antimicrobial activity and prevent biofilm growth.
“These Ti implant surfaces modified with LF peptide showed antimicrobial activity by also preventing biofilm growth [53].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [53] Miyakawa, 2014, Inhibition of initial bacterial adhesion on titanium surfaces by lactoferrin coating, Biointerphases source
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe PDA/MAO-HA strategy endows magnesium alloys with corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and could be a potential option for magnesium alloy surface modification.
“This strategy endows magnesium alloys with corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, thus could be considered as a potential option for magnesium alloy surface modification.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe water contact angle of MAO-HA coating is 100.5°, while that of PDA/MAO-HA coating is 80.1°.
“The water contact angle of MAO-HA coating is measured to be 100.5°, while that of PDA/MAO-HA coating is 80.1°, which indicates that the addition of PDA has shifted the surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] Feng, 2017, Characterization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine on MAO-HA coating supported on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, Surf. Interface Anal. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationHA/PDA coating on porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds boosts osteointegration and endorses bone regeneration in rabbit femoral condylar defects after 12 weeks by approximately one fold.
“Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that HA/PDA coating on surfaces of porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds boosted osteointegration and endorsed bone regeneration in rabbit femoral condylar defects after implantation for 12 weeks by approximately one fold (Figure 5) [55].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [55] Li, 2015, Improving Osteointegration and Osteogenesis of Three-Dimensional Porous Ti6Al4V Scaffolds by Polydopamine-Assisted Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Coating, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe GelMA-PDA/HA bilayer hydrogel enhanced adhesion and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.
“This hydrogel enhanced the adhesion and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Gan, 2019, Mussel-Inspired Tough Hydrogel with In Situ Nanohydroxyapatite Mineralization for Osteochondral Defect Repair, Adv. Healthc. Mater. source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningCaCO3 microspheres provide a new perspective for future treatment applications of bone degenerative diseases and bone defects.
“It provides a new perspective for future treatment applications of bone degenerative diseases and bone defects.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationACP is not thermodynamically stable and can be further transformed into HA.
“The mechanical study suggests that ACP is not thermodynamically stable and can be further transformed into HA.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [62] Wu, 2019, Ultrafast bone-like apatite formation on bioactive tricalcium silicate cement using mussel-inspired polydopamine, Ceram. Int. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2 has elevated surface roughness (~48%) and wettability compared to pristine PLLA.
“The modified materials, so-called PLLA/PDA/HA/Hep/BMP-2, expressed elevated surface roughness (~48%) and wettability compared to pristine PLLA”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Yun, 2018, Polydopamine-mediated surface modifications of poly L-lactic acid with hydroxyapatite, heparin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and their effects on osseointegration, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationImmobilizing collagen produced better HA formation and wettability properties that could be favorable for attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells on surgical implants.
“They concluded that immobilizing collagen produced better HA formation and wettability properties that could be favorable for the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells on surgical implants.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [72] Tapsir, 2016, Synthesis and characterization of collagen-hydroxyapatite immobilized on polydopamine grafted stainless steel, Surf. Coat. Technol. source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationDeveloped dual-purpose microspheres were biodegradable and potentially injectable, with both osteoconductive and antibacterial activities for treating infected bone defects.
“These developed dual-purpose microspheres were biodegradable and potentially injectable, with both osteoconductive and antibacterial activities for treating infected bone defects.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [70] Wei, 2019, Regenerating infected bone defects with osteocompatible microspheres possessing antibacterial activity, Biomater. Sci. source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenThe molecular structure, stability, conformity, and mechanical strength of PDA coating in physiological environments make it more relevant to biomimetic mineralization.
“The molecular structure, stability, conformity, and mechanical strength of the PDA coating in physiological environments make it more relevant to biomimetic mineralization.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningPDA-HA-based materials are encouraging potential candidates as coating materials for injectable scaffold materials and implants in bone tissue regeneration.
“Based on these advantages, we propose that these PDA-HA-based materials are encouraging potential candidates as coating materials for injectable scaffold materials and implants in bone tissue regeneration.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe properties of the HA coating increase its potential in clinical applications and improve the life span of implants.
“These properties of the HA coating increase its potential in clinical applications and improve the life span of implants.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
InterpretationreasoningpHAF is a favorable methodology to produce HA coatings on supportive structures such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and carbon-based materials.
“Herein, we postulated that pHAF is a favorable methodology to produce HA coatings on supportive structures such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and carbon-based materials.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationL929 cells showed an increase in cellular proliferation by 120% (RGO-PDA) and 116% (RGO/HA), suggesting that these materials have the least cytotoxicity.
“These cells showed an increase in cellular proliferation by 120% (RGO-PDA) and 116% (RGO/HA), suggesting that these types of materials have the least cytotoxicity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [77] Liu, 2012, Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for hydroxyapatite mineralization, J. Phys. Chem. C source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningMaterial coatings with bone-like mineral deposits deliver osteoconductivity with good bioreactivity, and once integrated with appropriate biomolecules, osteoinductivity.
“In addition to enhancing the mechanical strength, these material coatings with bone-like mineral deposits also deliver osteoconductivity with good bioreactivity, and, once integrated with appropriate biomolecules, osteoinductivity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationHA showed a weak antibacterial response, whereas the Ag-doped hybrid coating improved its antimicrobial effect by damaging the structure of E. coli and S. aureus cell strains more effectively.
“Of note, they mentioned that HA showed a weak antibacterial response, whereas the Ag-doped hybrid coating improved its antimicrobial effect by damaging the structure of E. coli and S. aureus cell strains more effectively.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [73] Li, 2016, Dopamine Modified Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
InterpretationreasoningThe mussel-inspired approach for bone mineralization is a promising means for future applications in bone defects.
“Considering that HA is favorably biocompatible and identical to the natural bone structure, the mussel-inspired approach for bone mineralization is a promising means for future applications in bone defects.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: HA is favorably biocompatible and identical to the natural bone structure.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAg+ is toxic to bone cells; addition of CS efficiently reduces the cytotoxicity of hybrid coatings, allowing long-term osteogenesis with significant cell growth.
“However, for bone regeneration applications, Ag+ is toxic to bone cells; the addition of CS efficiently reduces the cytotoxicity of hybrid coatings, which allows for long-term osteogenesis with significant cell growth.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [73] Li, 2016, Dopamine Modified Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces source
The paper relies on this without support.
HA-PDA composites have strong adhesion stability under ultrasonication and peeling tests.
“The HA-PDA composites showed strong adhesion stability under ultrasonication and peeling tests.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The HA-PDA layer is non-toxic to preosteoblasts.
“The cellular response and toxicity test of the HA-PDA layer to preosteoblasts indicated that it was non-toxic to cells.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Excessive concentration of lactoferrin is toxic to osteoblasts.
“Excessive concentration of LF was toxic to osteoblasts”
The paper relies on this without support.
Excessive concentration of lactoferrin inhibits growth of osteoclasts and bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.
“Excessive concentration of LF was toxic to osteoblasts but has noticeable effects on growth inhibition of osteoclasts and bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Use of magnesium-based biomaterials remains the biggest challenge in orthopedics due to its high degradation rate in physiological environments.
“However, the use of magnesium-based biomaterials remains the biggest challenge in orthopedics due to its high degradation rate in physiological environments.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Porous structures promote chemical diffusion, enabling freshly formed bone to grow into the scaffolds.
“Additionally, the porous structures could promote chemical diffusion, thus enabling the freshly formed bone to grow into the scaffolds.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Amendment of scaffold surfaces, predominantly inner surfaces, is important to improve osteointegration of porous Ti scaffolds.
“Since the amendment of the scaffold surfaces, predominantly inner surfaces, is important to improve the osteointegration of these scaffolds”
The paper relies on this without support.
Carbonated HA is highly bioresorbable.
“Since carbonated HA is highly bioresorbable”
The paper relies on this without support.
Bone-bonding bioactivity of CS-based cement is generally determined by the formation rate of HA and other apatite-like biominerals.
“The bone-bonding bioactivity of CS-based cement is generally determined by the formation rate of HA and other apatite-like biominerals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
HA is favorably biocompatible and identical to the natural bone structure.
“Considering that HA is favorably biocompatible and identical to the natural bone structure”
The paper relies on this without support.
The treatment of infected bone defects remains a tough clinical challenge.
“the treatment of infected bone defects remains a tough clinical challenge.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most methods for coating HA are not cost-effective due to high temperature and energy power requirements, while available collagen coating methods produce unstable coatings.
“Most of these methods for coating HA are not cost-effective due to high temperature and energy power requirements, while in the case of collagen coating, the available methods produce unstable coatings.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Lack of osseous support and incorporation of the subchondral bone layer often leads to failure of osteochondral repair.
“Nonetheless, the lack of osseous support and incorporation of the subchondral bone layer often leads to the failure of osteochondral repair.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Incorporating hydrogels with biominerals can increase the generation of new bone cells in defective sites.
“Incorporating hydrogels with biominerals can increase the generation of new bone cells in the defective sites.”
The paper relies on this without support.
HA has little effect on microbial/bacterial growth when used clinically.
“Although HA has good biocompatibility and bone generation, it has little effect on microbial/bacterial growth when used clinically.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rabbit implantation study described as in vitro
MinorThe sentence calls the evidence an in vitro study, but describes bone regeneration in rabbits after 12 weeks of implantation, which is an in vivo study.
“Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that HA/PDA coating on surfaces of porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds boosted osteointegration”
“bone regeneration in rabbit femoral condylar defects after implantation for 12 weeks”
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“Similar to thinfilm PDA, the HA biomineral was easily generated on PDA nanosphere surfaces in SBF solution [32].”
ResultWetting failure of hydrophilic surfaces promoted by surface roughness
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BackgroundBonelike apatite formation on niobium metal treated in aqueous NaOH
Godley, R., Starosvetsky, D., & Gotman, I. (2004) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1023/b:jmsm.0000046388.07961.81 · Cited by 71 · cited 1× · see citing works
“suggests that a bioactive bone-like apatite coating layer on the surface of a biomaterial is essential for bone formation on its surface [19].”
BackgroundLiu, Z., Qu, S., Zheng, X., Xiong, X., Fu, R., Tang, K., Zhong, Z., & Weng, J. (2014) · Materials Science and Engineering: C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.063 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Siqueira, I. A. W. B., Corat, M. A. F., Cavalcanti, B. N., et al. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01066 · Cited by 67 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Numerous studies indicated that using CNT-HA scaffolds could improve the flexibility and the strength to maintain osteoblast cells [78,79].”
BackgroundXie, C., Lu, X., Wang, K., Yuan, H., Fang, L., Zheng, X., Chan, C., Ren, F., & Zhao, C. (2016) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00015 · Cited by 62 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Interestingly, the formation of PDA and HA can also be achieved by employing an electrochemical approach [30,31].”
BackgroundMethodZhong, S., Luo, R., Wang, X., Tang, L., Wu, J., Wang, J., Huang, R., Sun, H., & Huang, N. (2014) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.030 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It has been believed so far that the use of PDA is an easy and efficient method to regulate interfacial biological events in tissue engineering applications as a bioactive coating for direct signaling to cells [38,39].”
MethodUnderstanding biomaterial-tissue interface quality: combined <i>in vitro</i> evaluation
Gasik, M. (2017) · Science and Technology of Advanced Materials · doi:10.1080/14686996.2017.1348872 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Qahtani, W. M. S. A., Schille, C., Spintzyk, S., Qahtani, M. S. A. A., Engel, E., Geis‐Gerstorfer, J., Rupp, F., & Scheideler, L. (2016) · Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1515/bmt-2015-0139 · Cited by 53 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Surface roughness increased cell attachment owing to its increased protein absorption [41].”
BackgroundGhorbani, F., Zamanian, A., Behnamghader, A., & Daliri-Joupari, M. (2019) · Surfaces and Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2019.01.007 · Cited by 49 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These hybrid spheres demonstrated the potential for an organic-inorganic structure for tissue regeneration [33].”
BackgroundCharacterization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine on MAO‐HA coating supported on Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy
Feng, Y., Ma, X., Chang, L., Zhu, S., & Guan, S. (2017) · Surface and Interface Analysis · doi:10.1002/sia.6286 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“developed a method where micro-arc oxidation coating doped with HA particles (MAO-HA) was applied as the inner coating, and the PDA film was made by DA self-polymerization as the outer coating [56].”
MethodBiomimetic substrate control of cellular mechanotransduction
Andalib, M. N., Dzenis, Y. A., Donahue, H. J., & Lim, J. Y. (2016) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.1186/s40824-016-0059-1 · Cited by 46 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Many researchers have been worked on a range of micro- and nano-surfaces with tunable properties to clarify the basic mechanisms intricate in biological cells–material substrate interactions and reveal the association between surface characteristics, including chemistry, stiffness, and cellular response (proliferation…”
BackgroundJiang, Y., Bi, W., Jia, Z., Lu, X., Fang, L., Wang, K., & Ren, F. (2017) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.36138 · Cited by 44 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Also, the combination of PDA and HA demonstrates great potential in biomedical applications [28,29].”
BackgroundXu, Y., Li, H., Wu, J., Yang, Q., Jiang, D., & Qiao, B. (2018) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s181137 · Cited by 42 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[44] Hence, the bioactive benefits of the surface roughness and coating could be the reasons for the HA-PDA-HA/P66 substrate supporting osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells, named as C3H10T1/2.”
BackgroundLee, J. S., Jin, Y., Park, H., Yang, K., Lee, M. S., Yang, H. S., & Cho, S. (2017) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.201700062 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wu, M., Wang, T., Wang, Y., & Wang, H. (2019) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.149 · Cited by 37 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite not showing bioactivity in the final structure, this work provides a close insight into the formation of bone-like apatite on TCS via PDA modification, for future study on the development of this material [62].”
BackgroundZhe, W., Dong, C., Sefei, Y., Dawei, Z., Kui, X., & Xiaogang, L. (2016) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.03.094 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“9% NaCl), and reported the cell response of HA/PDA-coated anodized Ti surface (HAD-Ti) [49].”
BackgroundInhibition of initial bacterial adhesion on titanium surfaces by lactoferrin coating
Nagano-Takebe, F., Miyakawa, H., Nakazawa, F., & Endo, K. (2014) · Biointerphases · doi:10.1116/1.4867415 · Cited by 31 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These Ti implant surfaces modified with LF peptide showed antimicrobial activity by also preventing biofilm growth [53].”
BackgroundTapsir, Z., & Saidin, S. (2016) · Surface and Coatings Technology · doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.11.024 · Cited by 31 · cited 1× · see citing works
“used the PDA film as an intermediate layer to immobilize collagen type I and HA on a medical implant made of stainless steel [72].”
MethodEffects of polydopamine coating on the bioactivity of titanium for dental implants
Lee, J.-J., Park, I.-S., Shin, G.-S., Lyu, S.-K., Ahn, S.-G., Bae, T.-S., & Lee, M.-H. (2014) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s12541-014-0515-6 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It has been believed so far that the use of PDA is an easy and efficient method to regulate interfacial biological events in tissue engineering applications as a bioactive coating for direct signaling to cells [38,39].”
MethodYang, M., Jiang, P., Ge, Y., Lan, F., Zhou, X., He, J., & Wu, Y. (2018) · Journal of Biomaterials Applications · doi:10.1177/0885328217749963 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In another study, Ti surface was fabricated with nanotopography through alkali-heat (AH) treatment, then its surface was further modified by dipping substrates into the aqueous DA solution based on its self-polymerization [54].”
MethodLiu, C., Li, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liu, W., & Jian, X. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23071643 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The results open a new approach for surface modification of poly(aryl ether) derivatives to extend their application in bone tissue engineering [68].”
BackgroundShen, T., Yang, W., Shen, X., Chen, W., Tao, B., Yang, X., Yuan, J., Liu, P., & Cai, K. (2018) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00791 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5 fold) of osteoblasts after four days of culture [52] These modified Ti implants have the potential to regulate the balance amid bone resorption and bone formation, with an evident antibacterial effect.”
BackgroundWei, P.-F., Yuan, Z.-Y., Jing, W., Guan, B.-B., Liu, Z.-H., Zhang, X., Mao, J.-P., Chen, D.-F., Cai, Q., & Yang, X.-P. (2019) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c8bm00903a · Cited by 27 · cited 1× · see citing works
“fabricated bioresorbable porous-structured microspheres from an amphiphilic block copolymer consisting of PLLA and poly (ethyl glycol) blocks [70].”
BackgroundWang, Z., Li, P., Jiang, Y., et al. (2017) · Biosurface and Biotribology · doi:10.1016/j.bsbt.2017.01.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhu, L., Liu, H., Wen, W., Li, H., Zhou, C., & Luo, B. (2019) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/ab2f2d · Cited by 21 · cited 1× · see citing works
“After the modification, the apatite structure was obtained on the surface of the electrospun PLLA fibrous membranes [67] Improved bioactivity for bone generation was also observed here.”
MethodZhang, M., Zhang, J., Ban, L., Qiu, L., Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Wan, Y. (2020) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ab8f20 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wu, M., Wang, T., Wang, Q., & Huang, W. (2019) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.036 · Cited by 13 · cited 1× · see citing works
“demonstrated the deposition method of PDA on hydrated tricalcium silicate cement (TCS) substrate via facile dip-coating in an aqueous DA solution [61].”
MethodWu, M., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Qian, H., Miao, R., & Yang, X. (2017) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2017.06.052 · Cited by 11 · cited 5× · see citing works
“presented a new approach implementing casein phosphopeptide (CPP) [50].”
MethodInfluentialYun, Y. J., Kim, H.-J., Lee, D.-W., Um, S., & Chun, H. J. (2018) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.035 · Cited by 10 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Reprinted with permission from reference [66].”
MethodLin, H., Fu, Y., Gao, Y., & Mo, A. (2020) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.202000064 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“proposed combining a polydopamine-polyacrylamide (PDA-PAM) single-network hydrogel and a PDA-PAM/ACP hydrogel consisting of ACP by blocking the extreme oxidation of DA [63].”
BackgroundIn vitro effects of mussel-inspired polydopamine coating on Ti6Al4V alloy
Lee, J. H., Lim, Y. W., Kwon, S. Y., & Kim, Y. S. (2013) · Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13770-012-1089-y · Cited by 7 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is worth to mention that the surface modification of the Ti alloy by coating with PDA did not alter the biological properties of the Ti alloy [46].”
Background
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Mai, Q.L., and Yiu-Wing, M. (2017). Biomaterials for Implants and Scafolds, Springer.
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Sorted by citations
Polydopamine-based nanomaterials and their potentials in advanced drug delivery and therapy
Li, H., Yin, D., Li, W., Tang, Q., Zou, L., & Peng, Q. (2020) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111502 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Recent Advances in a Polydopamine-Mediated Antimicrobial Adhesion System
Singh, I., Dhawan, G., Gupta, S., & Kumar, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.607099 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Shen, X., Zhang, Z., Cheng, C., Liu, C., Ma, N., Sun, D., Li, D., & Wang, C. (2023) · Biomedical Technology · doi:10.1016/j.bmt.2023.06.002 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Advances in Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Metallic Bone Implants
Nikolova, M., & Apostolova, M. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16010183 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Potential bioactive coating system for high-performance absorbable magnesium bone implants
Sarian, M. N., Iqbal, N., Sotoudehbagha, P., Razavi, M., Ahmed, Q. U., Sukotjo, C., & Hermawan, H. (2021) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.034 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
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Advanced Surface Modification for 3D-Printed Titanium Alloy Implant Interface Functionalization
Sheng, X., Wang, A., Wang, Z., Liu, H., Wang, J., & Li, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.850110 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Advanced materials for enamel remineralization
Xu, J., Shi, H., Luo, J., Yao, H., Wang, P., Li, Z., & Wei, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.985881 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“After being immersed in PDA solution, a dense film can be formed on the surface of the material in a short time (Kaushik et al., 2020).”
MethodOuda, M., Ibrahim, Y., Kallem, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129871 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Polydopamine Applications in Biomedicine and Environmental Science
Omidian, H., & Wilson, R. L. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17163916 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“[1] Enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation due to PDA-coated calcium silicate surfaces.”
BackgroundInfluentialSarkari, S., Khajehmohammadi, M., Davari, N., Li, D., & Yu, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.1005413 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The versatile applications of polydopamine in regenerative medicine: Progress and challenges
Cai, S., Cheng, Y., Qiu, C., Liu, G., & Chu, C. (2022) · Smart Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.smaim.2022.11.005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Bioactive peptides for boosting stem cell culture platform: Methods and applications
Dayem, A. A., Lee, S. B., Lim, K. M., Kim, A., Shin, H. J., Vellingiri, B., Kim, Y. B., & Cho, S. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114376 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zhang, M., Mi, M., Hu, Z., Li, L., Chen, Z., Gao, X., Liu, D., Xu, B., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s473007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“140 Research has revealed that PDA nanocoatings on biomaterials not only facilitate mesenchymal stem cell attachment but also trigger human cell reprogramming and sustain the long-term self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).”
BackgroundBio-inspired polydopamine incorporated titania nanotube arrays for biomedical applications
Perumal, A., Saranya, K., & Rajendran, N. (2021) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127489 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ahmadi, H., Ghamsarizade, R., Haddadi‐Asl, V., Mohammadloo, H. E., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2022) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.043 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine-Based Multilayered Coatings for Enhanced Bone Formation
Wu, H., Zhao, C., Lin, K., & Wang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.952500 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“After modified by the PDA coating, the substrates will become bioactive, and then the functional groups of PDA can mediate other functional components to form multilayered coatings and make it multifunctional, where the synergistic enhancement of different functions can further promote osteogenic differentiation and n…”
BackgroundBi, F., Chen, Y., Liu, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-021-02281-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Jiao, X., Sun, X., Li, W., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Bioprinting · doi:10.18063/ijb.v8i2.544 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Being one of the most crucial components of the bone[33], HA was one of the materials studied in the early stage for its bone repair potential[34,35].”
BackgroundMehwish, N., Xu, M., Zaeem, M., & Lee, B. H. (2022) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels8100679 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“biominerals in addition to playing an anchoring role in attaching Ca2+ ions to the substrate [59].”
BackgroundKim, M., Schöbel, L., Geske, M., Boccaccini, A. R., & Ghorbani, F. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130666 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Polymeric nanomaterials in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications
Han, S., Fisher, J. P., Mikos, A. G., & Hogan, K. J. (2024) · Bioprinting · doi:10.1016/j.bprint.2024.e00345 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Wu, Y., Yu, W. A., Zeng, T., Cao, B., & Liang, J. Y. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14081849 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it has high cell affinity and can be used in biomedical applications [14], and the dopamine-modified materials have been widely used in tissue engineering [37–39].”
BackgroundXu, C., Xia, Y., Wang, L., Nan, X., Hou, J., Guo, Y., Meng, K., Lian, J., Zhang, Y., Wu, F., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.160 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Li, X., Zhang, B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.854693 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hia, E. M., Park, J., Suh, I. W., & Park, C. H. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144490 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bioinspired Nanoplatforms: Polydopamine and Exosomes for Targeted Antimicrobial Therapy
Barathan, M., & Hanafiah, A. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17121670 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“PDA is biocompatible in nature and preserves cell viability, which is the foundation of its growing use in drug delivery systems, implant surface coatings, biosensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds [97].”
Yan, J., Ma, M., Zhao, B., et al. (2023) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104253 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Adler, C., Monavari, M., Abraham, G. A., Boccaccini, A. R., & Ghorbani, F. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra01311a · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Murphy, B., Vasquez, J. F. B., & Morris, M. A. (2023) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano13172483 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lee, S., Dayem, A. A., Kmiecik, S., Lim, K., Seo, D., Kim, H.-T., Biswas, P. K., Do, M., Kim, D.-H., & Cho, S.-G. (2023) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.041 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“DOPA, a mussel-inspired immobilization strategy, can potently bind to any surface via covalent or non-covalent bonds and forms an intermediate layer for further binding of other molecules or peptides [104,105].”
BackgroundFlejszar, M., Chmielarz, P., Gießl, M., et al. (2022) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124587 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shi, S., Wang, Y., Ye, Z., Xie, H., Liu, C., Liao, J., Zhao, D., Sun, Q., Shamshina, J. L., & Shen, X. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202414301 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chen, W., Nichols, L., Teer, L. B., Clinton, K., & Priddy, L. B. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07442-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Polydopamine-based biofunctional substrate coating promotes mesenchymal stem cell migration
Deng, Z., Wang, W., Xu, X., Ma, N., & Lendlein, A. (2021) · MRS Advances · doi:10.1557/s43580-021-00091-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Advanced Design Concepts for Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications and Soft Robotics
Fetisova, A. A., Surmeneva, M. A., & Анатольевич, С. Р. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18020214 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sui, B., Xu, Z., Xue, Z., Xiang, Y., Zhou, T., Beltrán, A. M., Zheng, K., Liu, X., & Boccaccini, A. R. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c03680 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tan, L., Ye, Z., Zhuang, W., et al. (2023) · Regenerative Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.reth.2023.09.015 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Moreover, PDA can reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and regulate the release of magnesium ions [28].”
BackgroundThakur, A., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Applied Chemical Engineering · doi:10.24294/ace.v7i1.2042 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“These implants are designed to replace the damaged or diseased hip or knee joint and to restore the patient’s movement and quality of life [23–25] .”
BackgroundSystematic Approach to Mimic Phenolic Natural Polymers for Biofabrication
Han, H.-J., & Lee, K. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14071282 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lin, Y., Zou, Y., Yang, J., Han, Z., Guo, X., Gao, X., Xu, J., Gong, Z., Li, R., Li, Z., et al. (2025) · BMEMat · doi:10.1002/bmm2.12133 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, Y., He, L., Li, J., Luo, J., Liang, K., Yin, D., Tao, S., Yang, J., & Li, J. (2022) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01646 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, L., Wu, T., Hu, X., Liu, J., Wu, D., Miguez, P. A., Wright, J. T., Zhang, S., Chi, J., Tseng, H. C., et al. (2021) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d1bm01119g · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Palladino, P., Lettieri, M., Scarano, S., et al. (2024) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2024.117947 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Neutrophil-mediated cordycepin-based nanoparticles for targeted treatment of acute lung injury
Gao, M., Fan, H., Sen-yang, Y., Huang, J., Cheng, D., Deng, L., Zhao, B., Xu, D., Lu, M., & Mao, E. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.159942 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nath, J., Philips, R., Pilli, J., & Bhattacharjee, A. (2025) · JOM · doi:10.1007/s11837-025-07369-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Argenziano, R., Greca, M. D., Panzella, L., & Napolitano, A. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27154816 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The oxidative conversion of these compounds is a process brought about by phenolases in nature leading to colored polymeric pigments [3–5], but a variety of other oxidants and even aerobic slightly alkaline conditions have been largely used for preparation of bioinspired pigmented materials including notably polydopam…”
BackgroundLin, Y., Ou, Y., Xu, M., & Chen, J. (2023) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107262 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A novel osteopontin biomimetic polypeptide induces collagen fiber mineralization in vitro
Liu, X., Liu, X., Xue, W., Li, Q., Wu, L., & Cao, C. Y. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143245 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
TGF-β1/BSA coating modulates multi-phasic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration
Ghorbani, F., Ghalandari, B., Detsch, R., Liu, C., & Boccaccini, A. R. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101879 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“One likely reason for this phenomenon is rooted in providing functional groups, such as catechol and amine groups, by PDA that facilitate calcium ion binding, thereby promoting HA crystal formation [90].”
Xing, F., Shen, H., Zhe, M., et al. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16020204 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Bone tissue is a hard and mineralized connective tissue composed of biogenic hierarchical biominerals that exhibit distinct topographies and functions [3].”
BackgroundSeredin, P. V., Goloshchapov, D. L., Emelyanova, A., et al. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c08491 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Madhubala, M. M., & Mahalaxmi, S. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1271_24 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“[10,27] However, this is the first study to comparatively evaluate nPD and PDA as an NCP analog to determine its effect on the remineralization of demineralized dentin. nPD is a biocompatible nanocarrier that can be used within the therapeutic window to enhance bioactivity.”
Jiang, X., Lei, L., Sun, W., Wei, Y., Han, J., Zhong, S., Yang, X., Gou, Z., & Chen, L. (2024) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b23d0004 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…studies have shown that the surface roughness at the micron-, submicron-, and nano-levels could facilitate OB differentiation and local factor production (Gittens et al., 2011; Steeves et al., 2016; Kaushik et al., 2020), which coincides with the surface morphology of the CS*P@PDA scaffold.”
Ke, Y., Ye, Y., Wu, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1096532 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“On the one hand, some previous studies proved that the structure of chitosan-based biomaterials were changed after adding hydroxyapatite and montmorillonite (MMT)type clay (Farokhi et al., 2018; Koc Demir et al., 2018; Cui et al., 2019; Arcos and Vallet-Regi, 2020; Kaushik et al., 2020).”
ResultFabrication and biocompatibility of a 3D-printed porous Ti-25Ta alloy scaffold
Wu, D., Li, Y., Zhu, W., et al. (2025) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-025-07367-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…field of contemporary medical materials science, the rapid advancement of medical technology and the increasing refinement of clinical demands have made the selection and in-depth development of bone implant materials one of the core driving forces behind the progress of orthopedic medicine [1, 2].”
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- Authors
- Kaushik, N., Nhat Nguyen, L., Kim, J. H., Choi, E. H., & Kumar Kaushik, N.
- Affiliations
- Kwangwoon University (KR)
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- University of Suwon (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Choi, Eun Ha
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-07
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 6544
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7555775
- OpenAlex
- W3083142900
- Semantic Scholar
- 841c52ec83359f1b8e6cab0f7685d2391d4f41a8
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016K1A4A3914113)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Surface Treatment and Coatings
- Keywords
- polydopamine, hydroxyapatite, biomimetic mineralization, biomineralization, implant materials, bone tissue engineering, catechol chemistry, surface coating, cell adhesion, bone regeneration, bone defect repair, antibacterial activity, corrosion resistance
- MeSH terms
- Biomineralization, Animals, Bone and Bones, Bone Regeneration, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Indoles, Osteogenesis, Polymers, Durapatite, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Tissue Engineering, Biomimetics
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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