The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Formic Acid over Heterogeneous Transition Metal Catalysts
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation with an in situ hydrogen donor has received a great deal of attention from both academia and industry as an alternative to the traditional high-pressure-hydrogen process, owing to its better efficiency, atom economy, and sustainability features. Hydrogen stored in the chemical bonds of formic acid (FA), a promising hydrogen storage compound that could be derived from biomass or reduction of CO 2, can be extracted selectively and used for diverse catalytic transformations. This Review summarizes and compares recent progress in catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) via heterogeneous hydrogen transfer from FA. Transformations of biomass-derived platform chemicals (e.g., aromatic units, C5 and C6 sugars, furans, glycerol, fatty acids, levulinic acid (LA)), nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g., nitroarenes, quinolines), and organochlorinated compounds via transfer hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and hydrodechlorination (HDC) are outlined. Synthesis strategies of the heterogeneous metal catalysts (e.g., metal and support type, metal–support interaction, single-atom, alloy effect, and confinement effect) and optimization of the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, solvents, additives, and FA dosages) for enhancing the catalytic activity and regulating the product distribution are presented. Structure–activity relationships based on both dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of metal catalysts as well as the mechanistic interpretation of CTH with FA are also highlighted. Finally, current challenges and outlook for the future development of the field are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wang, Y., Wang, X., & Antonietti, M. (2012) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201101182 · Cited by 3,364
Conversion of biomass to selected chemical products
Gallezot, P. (2012) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c1cs15147a · Cited by 2,552
Crystal structure of the nickel–iron hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas
Volbeda, A., Charon, M.-H., Piras, C., Hatchikian, E. C., Frey, M., & Fontecilla-Camps, J. C. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/373580a0 · Cited by 1,557
Formic acid as a hydrogen source – recent developments and future trends
Grasemann, M., & Laurenczy, G. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee21928j · Cited by 1,221
Advances in the Chemistry of Tetrahydroquinolines
Sridharan, V., Suryavanshi, P. A., & Menéndez, J. C. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr100307m · Cited by 1,089
Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Energy Carrier
Eppinger, J., & Huang, K.-W. (2017) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00574 · Cited by 998
Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation for Organic Synthesis
Nishimura, S. (2001) · Cited by 911
Mellmann, D., Sponholz, P., Junge, H., & Beller, M. (2016) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c5cs00618j · Cited by 872
Heterogeneous Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation as an Effective Pathway in Biomass Upgrading
Gilkey, M. J., & Xu, B. (2016) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02171 · Cited by 811
Westerhaus, F. A., Jagadeesh, R. V., Wienhöfer, G., Pohl, M.-M., Radnik, J., Surkus, A.-E., Rabeah, J., Junge, K., Junge, H., Nielsen, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.1645 · Cited by 732
Glycerol production and its applications as a raw material: A review
Tan, H. W., Abdul Aziz, A. R., & Aroua, M. K. (2013) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.035 · Cited by 719
Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes: An Update
Blaser, H., Steiner, H., & Studer, M. (2009) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.200900129 · Cited by 705
Selective Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone Over a Dual Supported Pd–Lewis Acid Catalyst
Liu, H., Jiang, T., Han, B., Liang, S., & Zhou, Y. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1179713 · Cited by 699
PATAI'S Chemistry of Functional Groups
(2010) · Patai's chemistry of functional groups · doi:10.1002/series1078 · Cited by 621
The Crystal Structure of [Fe]-Hydrogenase Reveals the Geometry of the Active Site
Shima, S., Pilak, O., Vogt, S., Schick, M., Stagni, M. S., Meyer-Klaucke, W., Warkentin, E., Thauer, R. K., & Ermler, U. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158978 · Cited by 608
Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Wright, W. R. H., & Palkovits, R. (2012) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201200111 · Cited by 529
A review and perspective of recent bio-oil hydrotreating research
Zacher, A. H., Olarte, M. V., Santosa, D. M., Elliott, D. C., & Jones, S. B. (2014) · Green Chem. · doi:10.1039/c3gc41382a · Cited by 528
Huang, S., Meng, Y., He, S., Goswami, A., Wu, Q., Li, J., Tong, S., Asefa, T., & Wu, M. (2017) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201606585 · Cited by 444
Chia, M., & Dumesic, J. A. (2011) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c1cc14748j · Cited by 432
Dutta, S., Yu, I. K. M., Tsang, D. C. W., Ng, Y. H., Ok, Y. S., Sherwood, J., & Clark, J. H. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.199 · Cited by 425
Thananatthanachon, T., & Rauchfuss, T. B. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201002267 · Cited by 405
Wettstein, S. G., Alonso, D. M., Chong, Y., & Dumesic, J. A. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee22111j · Cited by 369
Du, X., He, L., Zhao, S., Liu, Y., Cao, Y., He, H., & Fan, K. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201100102 · Cited by 363
Bi, Q., Lin, J., Liu, Y., He, H., Huang, F., & Cao, Y. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201605961 · Cited by 357
Hengne, A. M., & Rode, C. V. (2012) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2gc16558a · Cited by 354
Single atom is not alone: Metal–support interactions in single-atom catalysis
Qi, K., Chhowalla, M., & Voiry, D. (2020) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2020.07.002 · Cited by 317
Bulushev, D. A., Zacharska, M., Lisitsyn, A. S., Podyacheva, O. Y., Hage, F. S., Ramasse, Q. M., Bangert, U., & Bulusheva, L. G. (2016) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b00476 · Cited by 306
Bulushev, D. A., Zacharska, M., Shlyakhova, E. V., Chuvilin, A. L., Guo, Y., Beloshapkin, S., Okotrub, A. V., & Bulusheva, L. G. (2016) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02381 · Cited by 293
Heeres, H., Handana, R., Chunai, D., Borromeus Rasrendra, C., Girisuta, B., & Jan Heeres, H. (2009) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b904693c · Cited by 272
Role of water in formic acid decomposition
Akiya, N., & Savage, P. E. (1998) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.690440217 · Cited by 250
Tuteja, J., Choudhary, H., Nishimura, S., & Ebitani, K. (2014) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201300832 · Cited by 232
Michel, C., Zaffran, J., Ruppert, A. M., Matras-Michalska, J., Jędrzejczyk, M., Grams, J., & Sautet, P. (2014) · Chem. Commun. · doi:10.1039/c4cc04401k · Cited by 206
Han, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, R., Zhang, W., Chen, W., Zheng, L., Zhang, J., Luo, J., Wu, K., Zhu, Y., et al. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201805467 · Cited by 203
Yuan, J., Li, S.-S., Yu, L., Liu, Y.-M., Cao, Y., He, H.-Y., & Fan, K.-N. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee40857d · Cited by 184
Liquid-phase glycerol hydrogenolysis by formic acid over Ni–Cu/Al2O3 catalysts
Gandarias, I., Requies, J., Arias, P. L., Armbruster, U., & Martin, A. (2012) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2012.03.004 · Cited by 179
Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts
Deutschmann, O., Knözinger, H., Kochloefl, K., & Turek, T. (2009) · Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry · doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_313.pub2 · Cited by 174
Reichert, J., Brunner, B., Jess, A., Wasserscheid, P., & Albert, J. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee01706h · Cited by 171
Supported Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydrodechlorination Reactions
Keane, M. A. (2011) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201000432 · Cited by 170
Jagadeesh, R. V., Natte, K., Junge, H., & Beller, M. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs501916p · Cited by 162
Ru catalysts for levulinic acid hydrogenation with formic acid as a hydrogen source
Ruppert, A. M., Jędrzejczyk, M., Sneka-Płatek, O., Keller, N., Dumon, A. S., Michel, C., Sautet, P., & Grams, J. (2016) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c5gc02200b · Cited by 159
One‐Pot Conversions of Lignocellulosic and Algal Biomass into Liquid Fuels
De, S., Dutta, S., & Saha, B. (2012) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201200031 · Cited by 158
Jagadeesh, R. V., Banerjee, D., Arockiam, P. B., Junge, H., Junge, K., Pohl, M., Radnik, J., Brückner, A., & Beller, M. (2014) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c4gc00731j · Cited by 154
Yang, P., Xia, Q., Liu, X., & Wang, Y. (2016) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.026 · Cited by 148
Zhou, P., Zhang, Z., Jiang, L., Yu, C., Lv, K., Sun, J., & Wang, S. (2017) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.04.026 · Cited by 146
Navlani‐García, M., Mori, K., Salinas‐Torres, D., Kuwahara, Y., & Yamashita, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2019.00044 · Cited by 145
Pt nanoclusters stabilized by N-doped carbon nanofibers for hydrogen production from formic acid
Jia, L., Bulushev, D. A., Podyacheva, O. Y., Boronin, A. I., Кибис, Л. С., Gerasimov, E. Y., Beloshapkin, S. A., Seryak, I. A., Ismagilov, Z. R., & Ross, J. R. H. (2013) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2013.07.008 · Cited by 139
Mondal, J., Trịnh, Q. T., Jana, A., Ng, W. K. H., Borah, P., Hirao, H., & Zhao, Y. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b03127 · Cited by 137
Du, J., Zhang, J., Sun, Y. Q., Jia, W., Si, Z., Gao, H., Tang, X., Zeng, X., Lei, T., Liu, S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2018.09.025 · Cited by 129
Osatiashtiani, A., Lee, A. F., & Wilson, K. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.5213 · Cited by 126
Sơn, P. A., Nishimura, S., & Ebitani, K. (2014) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c3ra47580h · Cited by 122
Li, G., Yang, H., Zhang, H., Qi, Z., Chen, M., Hu, W. G., Tian, L., Nie, R., & Huang, W. (2018) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01404 · Cited by 120
Self-citationDuan, Y., Song, T., Dong, X., & Yang, Y. (2018) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c8gc00619a · Cited by 118
Xie, W. L., & Schlücker, S. (2018) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c7cc07951f · Cited by 114
Sawadjoon, S., Lundstedt, A., & Samec, J. S. M. (2013) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs300785r · Cited by 113
Yuan, M., Long, Y., Yang, J., Hu, X., Xu, D., Zhu, Y., & Dong, Z. (2018) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201802163 · Cited by 113
Xu, X., Luo, J., Li, L., Zhang, D., Wang, Y., & Li, G. (2018) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c8gc00144h · Cited by 112
Du, X., Bi, Q., Liu, Y., Cao, Y., & Fan, K. (2011) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201100483 · Cited by 108
Selective cobalt nanoparticles for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes
Chen, F., Sahoo, B., Kreyenschulte, C. R., Lund, H., Zeng, M., He, L., Junge, K., & Beller, M. (2017) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c7sc02062g · Cited by 107
Hydrogenolysis through catalytic transfer hydrogenation: Glycerol conversion to 1,2-propanediol
Gandarias, I., Arias, P. L., Fernández, S. G., Requies, J., Doukkali, M. E., & Güemez, M. B. (2012) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2012.03.067 · Cited by 104
Dhanalaxmi, K., Singuru, R., Mondal, S., Bai, L., Reddy, B. M., Bhaumik, A., & Mondal, J. (2016) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02338 · Cited by 92
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using ruthenium nanoparticles
Ortiz‐Cervantes, C., & García, J. J. (2012) · Inorganica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.ica.2012.11.031 · Cited by 91
Yang, J., Yuan, M., Xu, D., Zhao, H. Y., Zhu, Y., Fan, M., Zhang, F., & Dong, Z. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c8ta07502f · Cited by 91
Mechanism of Palladium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Chlorides by Formate Salts
Rajagopal, S., & Spatola, A. F. (1995) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jo00110a045 · Cited by 85
Du, X., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Cao, Y., & Fan, K. (2013) · CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (CHINESE VERSION) · doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(11)60522-6 · Cited by 84
Self-citationNie, R., Peng, X., Zhang, H., Yu, X., Lu, X., Zhou, D., & Xia, Q. (2017) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/c6cy02461k · Cited by 82
Self-citationZhou, P., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201700348 · Cited by 78
Lomate, S. T., Sultana, A., & Fujitani, T. (2017) · Catalysis Letters · doi:10.1007/s10562-017-2241-z · Cited by 73
Navlani‐García, M., Salinas‐Torres, D., Mori, K., Kuwahara, Y., & Yamashita, H. (2018) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.057 · Cited by 73
Singh, A. K., Jang, S., Kim, J. Y., Sharma, S., Basavaraju, K. C., Kim, M. G., Kim, K.-R., Lee, J. S., Lee, H. H., & Kim, D. (2015) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b01319 · Cited by 72
Navlani‐García, M., Mori, K., Nozaki, A., Kuwahara, Y., & Yamashita, H. (2016) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.201600559 · Cited by 70
Cobalt Entrapped in N,S‐Codoped Porous Carbon: Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation with Formic Acid
Guo, H., Gao, R., Sun, M., Guo, H., Wang, B., & Chen, L. (2018) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201802392 · Cited by 70
Methylation of aromatic amines and imines using formic acid over a heterogeneous Pt/C catalyst
Zhu, L., Wang, L., Li, B., Li, W., & Fu, B. (2016) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/c6cy00674d · Cited by 66
Hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol in water with formic acid using a Pd/activated carbon catalyst
Calvo, L., Gilarranz, M. A., Casas, J. A., Mohedano, A. F., & Rodriguez, J. J. (2008) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.029 · Cited by 59
Cheng, S., Meng, X.-F., Shang, N., Gao, S., Feng, C., Wang, Z., & Wang, Z. (2017) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c7nj04268j · Cited by 56
Pd–Al pillared clays as catalysts for the hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous phase
Molina, C. B., Calvo, L., Gilarranz, M. A., Casas, J. A., & Rodriguez, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.161 · Cited by 53
Granados, M. L., Moreno, J., Alba‐Rubio, A. C., Iglesias, J., Alonso, D. M., & Mariscal, R. (2020) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9gc04221k · Cited by 53
Wang, L., Zhang, B., Meng, X., Su, D. S., & Xiao, F. (2014) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201400039 · Cited by 47
Li, X., Cai, Y., Gong, L., Fu, W., Wang, K., Bao, H., Wei, X. F., & Chen, J. (2014) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201404325 · Cited by 47
AgPd–MnO x supported on carbon nanospheres: an efficient catalyst for dehydrogenation of formic acid
Zhang, X., Shang, N., Zhou, X. G., Feng, C., Gao, S., Wu, Q., Wang, Z., & Wang, C. (2017) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c6nj03873e · Cited by 47
Hwang, K.-R., Choi, I.-H., Choi, H.-Y., Han, J.-S., Lee, K.-H., & Lee, J.-S. (2016) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.080 · Cited by 45
Zhu, Q., Sun, X., Zhao, H. Y., Xu, D., & Dong, Z. (2020) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06366 · Cited by 45
Gowda, D. C., & Mahesh, B. (2000) · Synthetic Communications · doi:10.1080/00397910008086990 · Cited by 44
Chen, A., Li, Y., Chen, J., Zhao, G., Ma, L., & Yu, Y. (2013) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.201300238 · Cited by 44
Leng, Y., Du, S., Feng, G., Sang, X., Jiang, P., Li, H., & Wang, D. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b14839 · Cited by 41
Hydrodechlorination of 4-chlorophenol in water using Rh–Al pillared clays
Molina, C. B., Pizarro, A. H., Gilarranz, M. A., Casas, J. A., & Rodriguez, J. J. (2010) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.03.071 · Cited by 40
Xu, D., Zhao, H. Y., Dong, Z., & Ma, J. (2019) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201901304 · Cited by 40
Liu, X., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Qiao, Y., Pan, Y., & Ma, L. (2019) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201901578 · Cited by 39
Self-citationPd9Ag1-N-doped-MOF-C: An efficient catalyst for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitro-compounds
Liu, Z., Dong, W., Cheng, S., Guo, S., Shang, N., Gao, S., Feng, C., Wang, C., & Wang, Z. (2017) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2017.02.019 · Cited by 38
N,S-Codoped Carbon Shells Embedded with Ultrafine Co NPs for Reductive Amination with Formic Acid
Guo, H., Wang, B., Qiu, P., Gao, R., Sun, M., & Chen, L. (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00894 · Cited by 38
Yuan, M., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., Wang, F., & Dong, Z. (2019) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.201900714 · Cited by 38
Li, R., Zhao, J. Y., Han, D., & Li, X. (2017) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2017.04.031 · Cited by 37
Yu, X. P., Wu, T., Yang, X., Xu, J. M., Auzam, J., Semiat, R., & Han, Y. (2015) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.025 · Cited by 35
Singh, A. K., Hwang, Y., & Kim, D. (2015) · NPG Asia Materials · doi:10.1038/am.2015.116 · Cited by 30
Zhang, C., Leng, Y., Jiang, P., Li, J., & Du, S. (2017) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.201701176 · Cited by 30
Mori, K., Kakudo, H., & Yamashita, H. (2014) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/cs501119d · Cited by 24
Selective hydrogenolysis of carbon–oxygen bonds with formic acid over a Au–Pt alloy catalyst
Wang, L., Zhang, J., Wang, G., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Bian, C., & Xiao, F. (2017) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c6cc09599b · Cited by 24
One-Pot Tandem Dehydration–Hydrogenation of Xylose with Formic Acid over Co Catalysts
Xu, L., Nie, R., Xu, H., Chen, X., Li, Y., & Lü, X. (2020) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05726 · Cited by 22
Self-citationWang, X., Qiu, Z., Liu, Q., Chen, X., Tao, S., Shi, C., Pang, M., & Liang, C. (2016) · Catalysis Letters · doi:10.1007/s10562-016-1929-9 · Cited by 17
Hu, Z., Tan, S., Mi, R., Li, X., Bai, J. R., Guo, X., Hu, G., Hang, P., Li, J., Li, D., et al. (2018) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.201702863 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Nie, R., Tao, Y., Nie, Y., Lu, T., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, X., & Xu, C. C.
- Venue
- ACS Catalysis
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-01-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1071-1095
- ISSN
- 2155-5435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3119902665
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 99
- FWCI
- 14.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.