The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nerve Agents: What They Are, How They Work, How to Counter Them
Abstract
Nerve agents are organophosphorus chemical warfare agents that exert their action through the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, with a consequent overstimulation of cholinergic transmission followed by its shutdown. Beyond warfare, they have notoriously been employed in acts of terrorism as well as high profile assassinations. After a brief historical introduction on the development and deployment of nerve agents, this review provides a survey of their chemistry, the way they affect cholinergic transmission, the available treatment options, and the current directions for their improvement. As the review illustrates, despite their merits, the currently available treatment options present several shortcomings. Current research directions involve the search for improved antidotes, antagonists of the nicotinic receptors, small-molecule pretreatment options, as well as bioscavengers as macromolecular pretreatment options. These efforts are making good progress in many different directions and, hopefully, will lead to a lower target susceptibility, thus reducing the appeal of nerve agents as chemical weapons.
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Cites
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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology
Colovic, M. B., Krstic, D. Z., Lazarevic-Pasti, T. D., Bondzic, A. M., & Vasic, V. M. (2013) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x11311030006 · Cited by 2,611
The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory
Hasselmo, M. E. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.09.002 · Cited by 1,693
Control of sleep and wakefulness
Brown, R. E., Basheer, R., McKenna, J. T., Strecker, R. E., & McCarley, R. W. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 · Cited by 1,477
Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior
Picciotto, M. R., Higley, M. J., & Mineur, Y. S. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.036 · Cited by 1,404
Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents
Kim, K., Tsay, O. G., Atwood, D. A., & Churchill, D. G. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr100193y · Cited by 1,011
Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System
McCorry, L. K. (2007) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/aj710478 · Cited by 888
Worek, F., Thiermann, H., Szinicz, L., & Eyer, P. (2004) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.038 · Cited by 499
Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents
Mercey, G., Verdelet, T., Renou, J., Kliachyna, M., Baati, R., Nachon, F., Jean, L., & Renard, P.-Y. (2012) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar2002864 · Cited by 410
Update 1 of: Destruction and Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents
Jang, Y. J., Kim, K., Tsay, O. G., Atwood, D. A., & Churchill, D. G. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00402 · Cited by 360
Metadata
- Authors
- Costanzi, S., Machado, J.-H., & Mitchell, M.
- Venue
- ACS Chemical Neuroscience
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2018-04-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 873-885
- ISSN
- 1948-7193 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2800352845
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 45
- FWCI
- 16.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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