Super-Hydrophilic Hierarchical Ni-Foam-Graphene-Carbon Nanotubes-Ni 2 P–CuP 2 Nano-Architecture as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Abstract
Water splitting via an electrochemical process to generate hydrogen is an economic and green approach to resolve the looming energy and environmental crisis. The rational design of multicomponent materials with seamless interfaces having robust stability, facile scalability, and low-cost electrocatalysts is a grand challenge to produce hydrogen by water electrolysis. Herein, we report a superhydrophilic homogeneous bimetallic phosphide of Ni 2 P–CuP 2 on Ni-foam-graphene-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heterostructure using facile electrochemical metallization followed by phosphorization without any intervention of metal-oxides/hydroxides. This bimetallic phosphide shows ultralow overpotentials of 12 (HER, hydrogen evolution reaction) and 140 mV (OER, oxygen evolution reaction) at current densities of 10 and 20 mA/cm 2 in acidic and alkaline mediums, respectively. The excellent stability lasts for at least for 10 days at a high current density of 500 mA/cm 2 without much deviation, inferring the practical utilization of the catalyst toward green fuel production. Undoubtedly, the catalyst is capable enough for overall water splitting at a very low cell voltage of 1.45 V @10 mA/cm 2 with an impressive stability of at least 40 h, showing a minimum loss of potential. Theoretical study has been performed to understand the reaction kinetics and d-band shifting among metal atoms in the heterostructure (Ni 2 P–CuP 2 ) that favor the HER and OER activities, respectively. In addition, the catalyst demonstrates an alternate transformation of solar energy to green H 2 production using a standard silicon solar cell. This work unveils a smart design and synthesizes a highly stable electrocatalyst against an attractive paradigm of commercial water electrolysis for renewable electrochemical energy conversion.
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In situ formed micro-sphere graphene-CNTs-Ni2P-CuP2 catalyst on Ni foam endows the electrode with superhydrophilicity and superaerophobicity, allowing bubbles to detach quickly and re-expose active sites, achieving excellent HER performance.
“The in situ formed micro-sphere graphene-CNTs–Ni2P–CuP2 catalyst on Ni foam endows the electrode with superhydrophilicity and superaerophobicity (Fig. 10d), allowing the bubbles to detach quickly and re-expose the active sites, thus achieving excellent HER performance.”
From Advances in Surface/Interface Engineering of Under-Water Superaerophobic Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Manipulating of Bubbles (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
Reported HER catalysts often suffer from substantial energy overhead including that used for iR compensation and/or severe performance decay at long times at current density higher than 500 mA cm−2.
“the reported HER catalysts often suffer from substantial energy overhead including that used for iR compensation and/or severe performance decay at long times at current density higher than 500 mA cm−2.”
From Silver Nanowire Aerogel Support Promotes Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at High Current Density (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Riyajuddin, S., Azmi, K., Pahuja, M., Kumar, S., Maruyama, T., Bera, C., & Ghosh, K.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
- Meijo University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ghosh, Kaushik
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-02-24
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 5586-5599
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W3132580410
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 28
- FWCI
- 12.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB-EEQ/2016/000499)
- Department of Science and Technology, India (Nanomission-SR-/NM/NS-91/2016)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Keywords
- overall water splitting, electrocatalysts, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, nickel foam, graphene, carbon nanotubes, hierarchical heterostructure, electrochemical metallization, phosphorization, electrochemical hydrogen production, solar hydrogen production, d-band theory, reaction kinetics
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