Wireless Solar Water Splitting Device with Robust Cobalt-Catalyzed, Dual-Doped BiVO 4 Photoanode and Perovskite Solar Cell in Tandem: A Dual Absorber Artificial Leaf
Abstract
A stand-alone, wireless solar water splitting device without external energy supply has been realized by combining in tandem a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite single junction solar cell with a cobalt carbonate (Co-Ci)-catalyzed, extrinsic/intrinsic dual-doped BiVO4 (hydrogen-treated and 3 at% Mo-doped). The photoanode recorded one of the highest photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity (4.8 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 VRHE) under simulated 1 sun illumination. The oxygen evolution Co-Ci co-catalyst showed similar performance to best known cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) (5.0 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 VRHE) on the same dual-doped BiVO4 photoanode, but with significantly better stability. A tandem artificial-leaf-type device produced stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen with an average solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 4.3% (wired), 3.0% (wireless) under simulated 1 sun illumination. Hence, our device based on a D4 tandem photoelectrochemical cell represents a meaningful advancement in performance and cost over the device based on a triple-junction solar cell-electrocatalyst combination.
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When the photoanode was placed on top, the efficiency and Jsc of the solar cell dropped to 10.2% and 14.0 mA cm-2, respectively, except for Voc.
“However, when the photoanode was placed on top, the efficiency and J sc of the solar cell dropped to 10.2% and 14.0 mA cm -2 , respectively, except for V oc (Figure 9d).”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [249]
The actual stand-alone device showed a stable photocurrent of 3.5 mA cm-2 measured in unassisted solar water-splitting for a continuous 12 h, and the STH efficiency of 3.0% was estimated from the amount of gas evolution.
“The actual stand-alone device showed a stable photocurrent of 3.5 mA cm -2 measured in unassisted solar water-splitting for a continuous 12 h (Figure 9e), and the STH efficiency of 3.0% was estimated from the amount of gas evolution (Figure 9f).”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [249]
The PSC exhibited an efficiency of 15.4%, a Voc of 1.07 V, a Jsc of 21.4 mA cm-2, and a FF of 67.5%.
“The PSC exhibited an efficiency of 15.4%, a V oc of 1.07 V, a J sc of 21.4 mA cm -2 , and a FF of 67.5%.”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [249]
The Co-Ci/H, 3% Mo:BiVO4 photoanode showed excellent stability with no change in photocurrent values over 12 h, and under 1 sun illumination, a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 100% was calculated for H2 and O2 generation.
“The Co-Ci/H, 3% Mo:BiVO 4 photoanode showed excellent stability with no change in photocurrent values over 12 h, and under 1 sun illumination, a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 100% was calculated for H 2 and O 2 generation (Figure 9c).”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [249]
Kim et al. reported a wireless solar-powered water-splitting device that is highly efficient and durable for driving sustainable solar fuel production.
“Kim et al. [249] reported a wireless solar-powered water-splitting device that is highly efficient and durable for driving sustain-able solar fuel production (Figure 9a).”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [249]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kim, J. H., Jo, Y., Kim, J. H., Jang, J. W., Kang, H. J., Lee, Y. H., Kim, D. S., Jun, Y., & Lee, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KR)
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Konkuk University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Jae Sung
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-11-05
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 11820-11829
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W2289994827
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 7.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (10050509)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2009-0093880)
- Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea (10Z20130011057)
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (1.150056.01)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Iron oxide chemistry and applications
- Keywords
- solar water splitting, artificial leaf, photoelectrochemical water oxidation, BiVO4 photoanode, tandem photoelectrochemical cells, Mo-doped BiVO4, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, solar-to-hydrogen efficiency
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