Conversion of Waste Plastic Packings to Carbon Nanomaterials: Investigation into Catalyst Material, Waste Type, and Product Applications
Abstract
Waste plastics collected from local food courts were catalytically pyrolyzed and decomposed to produce carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) as well as hydrogen-rich gases as byproducts in this work. A series of bimetallic catalysts: Co–Fe, Co–Ni, and Fe–Ni with MgO as the catalyst support were synthesized and compared for the process. Products including high value-added carbon nanomaterials and gases were characterized to evaluate the activity of each bimetallic catalyst. In addition, products from four types of plastic: LDPE-plastic bags for bagging, PP-plastic bottles for drinking, PS-plastic lids, and PET-mineral water bottles were further comprehensively compared in terms of yield, purity of carbon, and adsorption capacity. Results show that Fe–Ni–Mg prepared by the pH-increase precipitation method exhibited the best performance for plastic conversion, contributing to the maximum CNM yield of 30.25 wt % and hydrogen yield of 31.52 mmol/g plastic . However, the Co–Ni/MgO synthesized by impregnation gave the least activity. Regarding the different plastic types, plastic waste from LDPE bags produced hydrogen with a relatively high yield of 35.27 mmol/g plastic, while PS lid plastic resulted in a relatively high CNM yield of 38.26 wt %. It is also found that the PET bottle was not suitable for CNM production accompanied by a high content of CO 2 in product gases. The CNMs were further applied as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The plastic-derived CNMs show strong (∼180 mg/g CNM ) adsorption capacity of metal cations such as Fe, Ag, and Ni.
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Yao and colleagues synthesized carbon nanomaterials via catalytic pyrolysis using four types of real-life plastics (LDPE, PP, PS, PET) as carbon sources; the CNMs exhibited an adsorption capacity of 180 mg/g for heavy metal ions (Fe/Ag/Ni), attributed to defect-site-induced chemical chelation.
“Yao and colleagues synthesized carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) via catalytic pyrolysis using four types of real-life plastics (LDPE, PP, PS, PET) as carbon sources (Fig. 9d) [67] .The CNMs exhibited an adsorption capacity of 180 mg/g CNM for heavy metal ions (Fe/Ag/Ni), attributed to defect-site-induced chemical chelation.”
From Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications (2025) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Yao, D., Li, H., Mohan, B. C., Prabhakar, A. K., Dai, Y., & Wang, C.-H.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Chi-Hwa
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-01-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1125-1136
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205340300
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19
- FWCI
- 7.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Central University Basic Research Fund of China (510321005)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (R-706-001-102-281)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52106150)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Keywords
- plastic waste, carbon nanomaterials, catalytic pyrolysis, bimetallic catalysts, MgO support, hydrogen production, polypropylene bottles, PET bottles, metal ion adsorption
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