Implications of CO 2 Sourcing on the Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Costs of Algae Biofuels
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High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Production of algal biomass and its conversion to biofuels are important technological platforms within the larger umbrella of CO 2 capture and utilization. This analysis incorporates a life-cycle assessment (LCA) with respect to global warming potential and techno-economic assessment (TEA) of algae biofuels, focusing on the sourcing and delivery of CO 2 . This analysis evolves past work in this area to include high-purity biogenic CO 2, industrial fossil fuel use, fossil power plants, and direct air capture, and uses a Sherwood plot approach to estimate the CO 2 capture energy penalty. We also show that allocation or displacement facilitates a more intuitive distinction between biogenic and fossil sources of carbon. Thus, the LCA better reflects the influence of coproduct handling strategies as compared to previous works. The TEA is also strongly influenced by the CO 2 concentration in the flue gas. Currently, when CO 2 is sourced from large-point sources, the price of biofuels ($4.5–6.5/GGE) may become comparable to fossil diesel. However, as DAC systems become more economical, they may deliver competitive CO 2 sources for biofuels in 2050 with a total cost of <$7/GGE. Based on the net emissions and costs, algae biofuels with CO 2 sourced from biogenic sources are consistent with a decarbonized economy as of now, with substantial potential for DAC with decreasing costs.
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The carbon balance of cyanobacterial bioproduction is sensitive to the source of CO2 supplied; waste industrial flue gas, biogenic CO2, and commercially supplied fossil-derived CO2 produce substantially different greenhouse gas outcomes, and use of fossil-derived CO2 can significantly negate the carbon benefit.
“the carbon balance is sensitive to the source of CO2 supplied, with dedicated life-cycle assessment of algal biofuel production demonstrating that the choice between waste industrial flue gas, biogenic CO2, and commercially supplied fossil-derived CO2 produces substantially different greenhouse gas outcomes. This use of fossil-derived CO2 can significantly negate the carbon benefit [13].”
From Cyanobacteria as a Photosynthetic Chassis for Metabolic Pathway Engineering with Heterologous Gene Expression (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Singh, U., Banerjee, S., & Hawkins, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hawkins, Troy R.
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-09-18
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 14435-14444
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10548588
- OpenAlex
- W4386827266
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bioenergy Technologies Office (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Keywords
- algal biofuels, biogenic CO2, direct air capture, global warming potential, life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, techno-economic analysis, biofuel cost, flue gas CO2 concentration, decarbonization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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