Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Agents: Their Clinical and Device Application(s) Together with Usages to Engineer Surfaces
Abstract
An essential aspect of the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease is the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents for the prevention of further ischaemic events and vascular death resulting from thrombosis. Aspirin and heparin have been the standard therapy for the management of such conditions to date. Recently, numerous more potent platelet inhibitors together with anticoagulant agents have been developed and tested in randomized clinical trials. This article reviews the current state of the art of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in light of its potential clinical efficacy. It then focuses on the usages of these agents in order to improve the performance of clinical devices such as balloon catheters, coronary stents, and femoropopliteal bypass grafting and extra corporeal circuits for cardiopulmonary bypass. The article then goes on to look at the usage of these agents more specifically heparin, heparan, hirudin, and coumarin in the development of more biocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Heparinized polymer surfaces face challenges for long-term in vivo applications because heparin has a very short half-life.
“However, due to their very short half-life,41 heparinized polymer surfaces still suffer a great challenge when it comes to long-term in vivo applications.”
From Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO) (2016) · cites this paper as [41]
Other anticoagulants such as thrombomodulin, direct thrombin inhibitors, and antiplatelet drugs have been immobilized onto polymer surfaces to increase hemocompatibility with varying success.
“Other anticoagulants such as thrombomodulin,36 direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., hirudin42 and argatroban43), or antiplatelet drugs (e.g.: prostacyclin (PGI2))36,41,42 have also been immobilized onto polymer surfaces to increase their hemocompatibility, with varying degrees of success.”
From Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO) (2016) · cites this paper as [41]
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Mang, B., Wolters, M., Schmitt, B., Kelb, K., Lichtinghagen, R., Stichtenoth, D. O., & Hahn, A. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01629.x · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Wo, Y., Brisbois, E. J., Bartlett, R. H., & Meyerhoff, M. E. (2016) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c6bm00271d · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Novel thromboresistant materials
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Reynolds, M. M., & Annich, G. M. (2011) · Organogenesis · doi:10.4161/org.7.1.14029 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kidane, A. G., Salacinski, H., Tiwari, A., Bruckdorfer, K. R., & Seifalian, A. M.
- Affiliations
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Seifalian, Alexander M.
- Venue
- Biomacromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2004-02-24
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 798-813
- ISSN
- 1525-7797 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4602
- OpenAlex
- W2036204486
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomacromolecules (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Keywords
- anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, thromboprophylaxis, aspirin, heparin, hirudin, coumarins, vascular devices, balloon catheter, coronary stents, cardiopulmonary bypass, biocompatible scaffolds, tissue engineering, surface engineering
- MeSH terms
- Anticoagulants, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Tissue Engineering
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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