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Cited by 391

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantification of Chemical States, Dissociation Constants and Contents of Oxygen-containing Groups on the Surface of Biochars Produced at Different Temperatures

Chen, Zaiming, Xiao, Xin, Chen, Baoliang, Zhu, Lizhong·2015·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es5043468
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Abstract

Surface functional groups such as carboxyl play a vital role in the environmental applications of biochar as a soil amendment. However, the quantification of oxygen-containing groups on a biochar surface still lacks systematical investigation. In this paper, we report an integrated method combining chemical and spectroscopic techniques that were established to quantitatively identify the chemical states, dissociation constants (pK(a)), and contents of oxygen-containing groups on dairy manure-derived biochars prepared at 100-700 °C. Unexpectedly, the dissociation pH of carboxyl groups on the biochar surface covered a wide range of pH values (pH 2-11), due to the varied structural microenvironments and chemical states. For low temperature biochars (≤ 350 °C), carboxyl existed not only as hydrogen-bonded carboxyl and unbonded carboxyl groups but also formed esters at the surface of biochars. The esters consumed OH(-) via saponification in the alkaline pH region and enhanced the dissolution of organic matter from biochars. For high temperature biochars (≥ 500 °C), esters came from carboxyl were almost eliminated via carbonization (ester pyrolysis), while lactones were developed. The surface density of carboxyl groups on biochars decreased sharply with the increase of the biochar-producing temperature, but the total contents of the surface carboxyls for different biochars were comparable (with a difference <3-fold) as a result of the expanded surface area at high pyrolytic temperatures. Understanding the wide pKa ranges and the abundant contents of carboxyl groups on biochars is a prerequisite to recognition of the multifunctional applications and biogeochemical cycling of biochars.

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Citations

Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Chen, Z., Xiao, X., Chen, B., & Zhu, L.
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2014-12-11
Volume
49
Issue
1
Pages
309-317
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es5043468
OpenAlex
W2320820507
Cited by
391
References
12
FWCI
5.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Funders
  • Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (J20130039)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2012AA06A203)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (21277120, 2142500268, 41071210)

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.