pH-Dependent Mineral Release and Surface Properties of Cornstraw Biochar: Agronomic Implications
Abstract
Surface charge and pH-dependent nutrient release properties of cornstraw biochar were examined to elucidate its potential agronomic benefits. Kinetics of element release was characterized by rapid H(+) consumption and rapid, pH-dependent P, Ca, and Mg release, followed by zero-order H(+) consumption and mineral dissolution reactions. Initial K release was not pH-dependent, nor was it followed by a zero-order reaction at any pH. Rapid and constant rate P releases were significant, having the potential to substitute substantial proportions of P fertilizer. K releases were also significant and may replace conventional K fertilizers, however, not long-term plant demand. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the biochar leached with a mild acidic solution increased linearly from 179 to 888 mmol(c) (kg C)(-1) over a pH range of 4-8, while the anion exchange capacity of 154 mmol(c) (kg C)(-1) was constant over the same pH range. Since native soil organic constituents have much higher CEC values (average 2800 mmol(c) (kg C)(-1) at pH 7), improved soil fertility as a result of enhanced cation retention by the biochar probably will be favorable only in sandy and low organic matter soils, unless surface oxidation during aging significantly increases its CEC.
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Biochars' anion exchange capacity is usually low, being 2-3 orders of magnitude lower compared to the cation exchange capacity.
“Biochars’ anion exchange capacity is usually low, being 2-3 orders of magnitude lower compared to the cation exchange capacity4754.”
From Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar (2015) · cites this paper as [47]
Biochar as an organic fertilizer delivers necessary inorganic nutrients to plants via dissolution of its ash components.
“Firstly, it delivers necessary inorganic nutrients to plants via dissolution of its ash components (Silber et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2020f).”
From Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality (2023) · cites this paper as Silber et al. 2010
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- Authors
- Silber, A., Levkovitch, I., & Graber, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Organization (IL)
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
- Corresponding author
- Silber, A.
- ORCID
- Silber, A.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-11-23
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 9318-9323
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2328874691
- Cited by
- 394
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 22.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Phosphorus and nutrient management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Keywords
- surface charge, nutrient release kinetics, phosphorus release, potassium release, calcium and magnesium release, cation exchange capacity, anion exchange capacity, soil fertility, biochar aging
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Charcoal, Zea mays, Fertilizers, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Magnesium, Minerals, Phosphorus, Potassium, Soil, Surface Properties
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