Using Machine Learning and Data Mining to Leverage Community Knowledge for the Engineering of Stable Metal–Organic Frameworks
Open accessAbstract
Although the tailored metal active sites and porous architectures of MOFs hold great promise for engineering challenges ranging from gas separations to catalysis, a lack of understanding of how to improve their stability limits their use in practice. To overcome this limitation, we extract thousands of published reports of the key aspects of MOF stability necessary for their practical application: the ability to withstand high temperatures without degrading and the capacity to be activated by removal of solvent molecules. From nearly 4000 manuscripts, we use natural language processing and image analysis to obtain over 2000 solvent-removal stability measures and 3000 thermal degradation temperatures. We analyze the relationships between stability properties and the chemical and geometric structures in this set to identify limits of prior heuristics derived from smaller sets of MOFs. By training predictive machine learning (ML, i.e., Gaussian process and artificial neural network) models to encode the structure-property relationships with graph- and pore-structure-based representations, we are able to make predictions of stability orders of magnitude faster than conventional physics-based modeling or experiment. Interpretation of important features in ML models provides insights that we use to identify strategies to engineer increased stability into typically unstable 3d-transition-metal-containing MOFs that are frequently targeted for catalytic applications. We expect our approach to accelerate the time to discovery of stable, practical MOF materials for a wide range of applications.
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In cases where no physics-based modeling protocol is established, ML can be used to bring computational materials science closer to counterpart experimental efforts, such as by predicting quantities related to synthesis or materials stability.
“in cases where no physics-based modeling protocol is established, ML can be used to bring computational materials science closer to counterpart experimental efforts, such as by predicting quantities related to synthesis (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) or materials stability (17).”
From Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Nandy et al. showed it was possible to redesign linker chemistry to enhance stability in known materials, suggesting a strategy for reengineering materials with improved properties.
“Through these models, Nandy et al. (17) showed it was possible to redesign linker chemistry (e.g., functional groups) to enhance stability in known materials, suggesting a strategy for reengineering materials with improved properties.”
From Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
In experimental data sets extracted from the literature, there can be positive bias for reporting only successful experiments, leading to challenges in classification tasks.
“For example, in experimental data sets extracted from the literature (14,15,19), there can be positive bias for reporting only successful experiments (16, 107, 108), leading to challenges in classification tasks (17).”
From Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Large data sets are seldom available for new classes of materials, owing to either a lack of prior experimentation or inconsistent reporting in the scientific literature.
“Although careful extraction of experimental literature data (17) or high-throughput experimentation can address some of these challenges, large data sets are seldom available for new classes of materials, owing to either a lack of prior experimentation or inconsistent reporting in the scientific literature.”
From Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Nandy, A., Duan, C., & Kulik, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-10-13
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 42
- Pages
- 17535-17547
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W3175436502
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 9.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (D18AP00039)
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012702)
- Division of Graduate Education (1122374)
- Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2150)
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Machine Learning in Materials Science
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Covalent Organic Framework Applications
- Keywords
- metal-organic frameworks, MOF stability, thermal degradation, structure-property relationships, graph neural networks, pore structure, catalysis, gas separation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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