Cited by 80Mass Spectrometry Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced Chemical Physics StudiesAtomic and Molecular Physics

From QCEIMS to QCxMS: A Tool to Routinely Calculate CID Mass Spectra Using Molecular Dynamics

Koopman, Jeroen, Grimme, Stefan·2021·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in chemical research and substance identification. For the computational modeling of electron ionization MS, we have developed the quantum-chemical electron ionization mass spectra (QCEIMS) program. Here, we present an extension of QCEIMS to calculate collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra. The more general applicability is accounted for by the new name QCxMS, where “x” refers to EI or CID. To this end, fragmentation and rearrangement reactions are computed “on-the-fly” in Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the semiempirical GFN2-xTB Hamiltonian, which provides an efficient quantum mechanical description of all elements up to Z = 86 (Rn). Through the explicit modeling of multicollision processes between precursor ions and neutral gas atoms as well as temperature-induced decomposition reactions, QCxMS provides detailed insight into the collision kinetics and fragmentation pathways. In combination with the CREST program to determine the preferential protonation sites, QCxMS becomes the first standalone MD-based program that can predict mass spectra based solely on molecular structures as input. We demonstrate this for six organic molecules with masses ranging from 159 to 296 Da, for which QCxMS yields CID spectra in reasonable agreement with experiments.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/jasms.1c00098

Cites

110 of 110 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Koopman, J., & Grimme, S.
Affiliations
University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author
Grimme, Stefan
Venue
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Published
2021-06-03
Volume
32
Issue
7
Pages
1735-1751
ISSN
  • 1044-0305 (ISSN-L)
  • 1879-1123
OpenAlex
W3164251820
Cited by
80
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 4
FWCI
4.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1927/10-1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
Keywords
collision-induced dissociation, electron ionization mass spectra, mass spectrum prediction, molecular dynamics, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, GFN2-xTB, fragmentation pathways, protonation sites, CREST

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review