HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018
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The Human Metabolome Database or HMDB (www.hmdb.ca) is a web-enabled metabolomic database containing comprehensive information about human metabolites along with their biological roles, physiological concentrations, disease associations, chemical reactions, metabolic pathways, and reference spectra. First described in 2007, the HMDB is now considered the standard metabolomic resource for human metabolic studies. Over the past decade the HMDB has continued to grow and evolve in response to emerging needs for metabolomics researchers and continuing changes in web standards. This year's update, HMDB 4.0, represents the most significant upgrade to the database in its history. For instance, the number of fully annotated metabolites has increased by nearly threefold, the number of experimental spectra has grown by almost fourfold and the number of illustrated metabolic pathways has grown by a factor of almost 60. Significant improvements have also been made to the HMDB's chemical taxonomy, chemical ontology, spectral viewing, and spectral/text searching tools. A great deal of brand new data has also been added to HMDB 4.0. This includes large quantities of predicted MS/MS and GC-MS reference spectral data as well as predicted (physiologically feasible) metabolite structures to facilitate novel metabolite identification. Additional information on metabolite-SNP interactions and the influence of drugs on metabolite levels (pharmacometabolomics) has also been added. Many other important improvements in the content, the interface, and the performance of the HMDB website have been made and these should greatly enhance its ease of use and its potential applications in nutrition, biochemistry, clinical chemistry, clinical genetics, medicine, and metabolomics science.
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Short-chain fatty acids are detectable in low amounts in the human brain under physiological conditions.
“SCFAs are, in fact, detectable in low amounts in the human brain under physiological conditions (102).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [102]
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Metabolomic alterations in mammary glands from pubertal mice fed a high-fat diet
Yan, L., Rust, B. M., Sundaram, S., & Bukowski, M. R. (2023) · Nutrition and Metabolic Insights · doi:10.1177/11786388221148858 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wishart, D. S., Feunang, Y. D., Marcu, A., Guo, A. C., Liang, K., Vázquez-Fresno, R., Sajed, T., Johnson, D., Li, C., Karu, N., Sayeeda, Z., Lo, E., Assempour, N., Berjanskii, M., Singhal, S., Arndt, D., Liang, Y., Badran, H., Grant, J., Serra-Cayuela, A., Liu, Y., Mandal, R., Neveu, V., Pon, A., Knox, C., Wilson, M., Manach, C., & Scalbert, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Wishart, David S
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-11-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- D1
- Pages
- D608-D617
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC5753273
- OpenAlex
- W2767683865
- Cited by
- 3,438
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 156 · 2025: 227 · 2024: 279 · 2023: 355 · 2022: 583 · 2021: 675 · 2020: 585 · 2019: 424 · 2018: 149 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 129.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Genome Canada
- Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions
- Alberta Innovates
- Genome Alberta
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Keywords
- HMDB, human metabolites, metabolomics databases, spectral data, MS/MS spectra, metabolic pathways, chemotaxonomy, pharmacometabolomics, metabolite identification, disease association
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, User-Computer Interface, Databases, Factual, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Metabolomics, Metabolome, Databases, Chemical
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