The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity by Flavanol-Rich Foods
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was evaluated in the presence of flavanol-rich foods, i.e., wines, chocolates, and teas, and of purified flavonoids. All foods assayed inhibited ACE activity, red wines being more effective than white wine, and green tea more effective than black tea. The inhibition of ACE activity was associated with both phenolic and flavanol content in the foods. When isolated polyphenols were assayed, procyanidins (dimer and hexamer) and epigallocatechin significantly inhibited enzyme activity; similar concentrations of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol were ineffective. When ACE activity was assayed in rat kidney membranes in the presence of chocolate extracts or purified procyanidins, it was observed that the inhibition depended on the chocolate content of flavanols and the number of flavanol units constituting the procyanidin. These experiments demonstrate that flavanols either isolated or present in foods could inhibit ACE activity. The occurrence of such inhibition in vivo needs to be determined, although is supported by the association between the consumption of flavanol-rich foods and reductions in blood pressure observed in several experimental models.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Middleton, E., Kandaswami, C., & Theoharides, T. C. (2000) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01472-8 · Cited by 4,882
Flavonoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications
Nijveldt, R. J., van Nood, E., van Hoorn, D. E., Boelens, P. G., van Norren, K., & van Leeuwen, P. A. (2001) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.4.418 · Cited by 3,075
Spectrophotometric assay and properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme of rabbit lung
Cushman, D. W., & Cheung, H. S. (1971) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(71)90292-9 · Cited by 2,625
Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by phenolic substances in red wine
Frankel, E. N., German, J. B., Kinsella, J. E., Parks, E., & Kanner, J. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90206-v · Cited by 1,647
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease
Hung, H.-C., Joshipura, K. J., Jiang, R., Hu, F. B., Hunter, D., Smith-Warner, S. A., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B., Spiegelman, D., & Willett, W. C. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh296 · Cited by 1,327
A Critical Evaluation of the Vanillin Reaction as an Assay for Tannin in Sorghum Grain
Price, M. L., Van Scoyoc, S., & Butler, L. G. (1978) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf60219a031 · Cited by 1,317
Critical Factors of Vanillin Assay for Catechins and Proanthocyanidins
Sun, B., Ricardo-da-Silva, J. M., & Spranger, I. (1998) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf980366j · Cited by 1,099
Cocoa Has More Phenolic Phytochemicals and a Higher Antioxidant Capacity than Teas and Red Wine
Lee, K. W., Kim, Y. J., Lee, H. J., & Lee, C. Y. (2003) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0344385 · Cited by 748
Fogliano, V., Verde, V., Randazzo, G., & Ritieni, A. (1999) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf980496s · Cited by 640
Duffy, S. J., Keaney Jr, J. F., Holbrook, M., Gokce, N., Swerdloff, P. L., Frei, B., & Vita, J. A. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.104.2.151 · Cited by 552
Cited by
Flavan‐3‐ols: Nature, occurrence and biological activity
Aron, P. M., & Kennedy, J. A. (2008) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700137 · Cited by 770
Dietary polyphenols: Good, bad, or indifferent for your health?
HALLIWELL, B. (2007) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.10.004 · Cited by 559
Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Necozione, S., Lippi, C., Casale, R., Properzi, G., Blumberg, J. B., & Ferri, C. (2008) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/138.9.1671 · Cited by 481
Taubert, D., Roesen, R., Lehmann, C., Jung, N., & Schömig, E. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.1.49 · Cited by 476
Morand, C., Dubray, C., Milenkovic, D., Lioger, D., Martin, J. F., Scalbert, A., & Mazur, A. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.004945 · Cited by 439
Metadata
- Authors
- Actis-Goretta, L., Ottaviani, J. I., & Fraga, C. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2005-12-14
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 229-234
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W1986473930
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 48
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity by Flavanol-Rich Foods. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/jf052263o
- The paper
- Actis-Goretta, L., Ottaviani, J. I., & Fraga, C. G. (2006). Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity by Flavanol-Rich Foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052263o
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
