Polypharmacology: Challenges and Opportunities in Drug Discovery: Miniperspective
Open accessAbstract
At present, the legendary magic bullet, i.e., a drug with high potency and selectivity toward a specific biological target, shares the spotlight with an emerging and alternative polypharmacology approach. Polypharmacology suggests that more effective drugs can be developed by specifically modulating multiple targets. It is generally thought that complex diseases such as cancer and central nervous system diseases may require complex therapeutic approaches. In this respect, a drug that "hits" multiple sensitive nodes belonging to a network of interacting targets offers the potential for higher efficacy and may limit drawbacks generally arising from the use of a single-target drug or a combination of multiple drugs. In this review, we will compare advantages and disadvantages of multitarget versus combination therapies, discuss potential drug promiscuity arising from off-target effects, comment on drug repurposing, and introduce approaches to the computational design of multitarget drugs.
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In a multifactorial pathologic condition, inhibition of one pathway is normally compensated by higher activation of other pathways, which may lead to a resistance phenotype and higher dose usage, increasing the risk of side effects from off-target modulation.
“In a multifactorial pathologic condition, the inhibition of one pathway is normally compensated by higher activation of other pathways.This may lead to a resistance phenotype and result in a higher dose usage, which, in turn, may increase the risk of side effects, as a consequence of off-target modulation.7”
From From combinations to multitarget-directed ligands: A continuum in Alzheimer’s disease polypharmacology (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Anighoro, A., Bajorath, J., & Rastelli, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Rastelli, Giulio
- Venue
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-06-25
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 7874-7887
- ISSN
- 0022-2623 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-4804
- OpenAlex
- W2402506318
- Cited by
- 1,131
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 115 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 5.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- polypharmacology, multi-target drugs, drug promiscuity, off-target effects, drug repurposing, computer-aided drug design, complex diseases, cancer, central nervous system disorders, drug discovery
- MeSH terms
- Brain Diseases, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Neoplasms, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, Drug Repositioning, Polypharmacology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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