Confinement Effects on the Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanotubes
Abstract
In this work, we show the effects of nanoconfinement on the crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanotubes embedded in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The morphological characteristics of the hollow 1D PEO nanostructures were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallization of the PEO nanostructures and bulk was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The crystallization of PEO nanotubes studied by DSC is strongly influenced by the confinement showing a strong reduction in the crystallization temperature of the polymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments confirmed the isothermal crystallization results obtained by DSC, and studies carried out at low temperatures showed the absence of crystallites oriented with the extended chains perpendicular to the pore wall within the PEO nanotubes, which has been shown to be the typical crystal orientation for one-dimensional polymer nanostructures. In contrast, only planes oriented 33, 45, and 90° with respect to the plane (120) are arranged parallel to the pore's main axis, indicating preferential crystal growth in the direction of the radial component. Calculations based on classical nucleation theory suggest that heterogeneous nucleation prevails in the bulk PEO whereas for the PEO nanotubes a surface nucleation mechanism is more consistent with the obtained results.
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Among all the studies, first-order kinetics is only reported in PEO/AAO so far.
“Among all the studies, first-order kinetics is only reported in PEO/AAO so far [ 91 , 277 , 280 ].”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [277]
The majority of studies show that PEO exhibits a single exothermic peak during cooling when confined within AAO.
“The majority of studies have shown that the PEO exhibits a single exothermic peak during cooling when confined within AAO [ 218 , 277-280 ].”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [277]
Low n values with first-order kinetics, other than in PEO/SiO2 and HDPE/CNT, were also observed in polymer droplets, AAO templates, and spherical microdomains of block copolymers.
“such low n values with a first-order kinetics, other than in PEO/SiO 2 and HDPE/CNT, were also observed in systems such as polymer droplets [315] , AAO templates [277] , and spherical microdomains of block copolymers [128] .”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [277]
Similar low crystallization temperatures were also found in PEO confined within block copolymers or AAO templates.
“Similar low crystallization temperatures were also found in PEO confined within block copolymers or AAO templates (see previous sections) [ 128 , 218 , 277-280 ].”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [277]
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- Authors
- Maiz, J., Martin, J., & Mijangos, C.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Mijangos, Carmen
- Venue
- Langmuir
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-08-06
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 12296-12303
- ISSN
- 0743-7463 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5827
- OpenAlex
- W2322014874
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 8.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Langmuir (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
- Keywords
- poly(ethylene oxide), polymer nanotubes, nanoconfinement, crystallization, anodic aluminum oxide templates, crystal orientation, heterogeneous nucleation, surface nucleation, crystallization temperature
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