Confined crystallization of polymeric materials
Abstract
The interest in confined crystallization has greatly increased with the development and progress of nanotechnology applications. Polymeric confined crystallization has been studied in droplets, ultrathin films , nanolayers , nanostructures from solutions, blends, copolymers , polymers infiltrated within AAO templates and nanocomposites . As confinement increases, the crystallization temperature first decreases, then splits into several fractions (i.e., fractionated crystallization) and finally occurs in one step at the maximum possible supercooling, near the glass transition temperature . Two factors are responsible for these effects: (a) a change in nucleation mechanism , from heterogeneous nucleation to surface nucleation (or in extreme cases, homogeneous nucleation), (b) the dependence of the crystallization temperature on the volume or the surface (or interphase) of the crystallizable micro or nanodomains. The melting point also decreases with confinement but to a lesser degree. A preferential orientation of polymeric crystals is generally induced by one or two dimensional confinement. Avrami indexes decrease with confinement until values of 1 (or even lower) are achieved in the limit of isolated domains, as the material approaches a first order crystallization kinetics . This type of kinetics reflects that nucleation is the rate determining step in the overall crystallization of ideally confined polymers.
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Fractionated crystallization has been reported for strongly segregated block copolymers, as well as for weakly segregated or miscible block copolymers.
“fractionated crystallization [ 39 , 85 , 86 , 91 , 93 , 97 ] has been reported for strongly segregated block copolymers, as well as for weakly segregated or miscible block copolymers”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
Some MDs will have the most active heterogeneities, other populations of MDs could have less active heterogeneities needing higher undercooling, and some MDs will be clean, in which case crystallization occurs via surface or homogeneous nucleation.
“Some of the MDs will have the most active heterogeneities (like the bulk polymer), other populations of MDs could have less active heterogeneities which need higher undercooling for crystallization, and finally some MDs will be clean (without heterogeneities), in which case the crystallization occurs via surface or homogeneous nucleation”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
The fractionated crystallization phenomenon has been explained based on the absence of sufficiently active heterogeneities in every MD.
“The fractionated crystallization phenomenon has been explained based on the absence of sufficiently active heterogeneities in every MD [ 39 , 85 , 91 , 97 ].”
From Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Michell, R. M., & Müller, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Simón Bolívar (VE)
- Ikerbasque (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Müller, Alejandro J.
- Venue
- Progress in Polymer Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 54-55
- Pages
- 183-213
- ISSN
- 0079-6700 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115956346
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 393
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 19.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in Polymer Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Keywords
- confined crystallization, polymer crystallization, nanotechnology, fractional crystallization, supercooling, nucleation mechanism, surface nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, homogeneous nucleation, melting point depression, crystal orientation, Avrami exponent, crystallization kinetics, nanocomposites, anodic aluminum oxide templates, polymer blends, copolymers, ultrathin films, nanolayers
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