Polyethylenimine Complexes with Retinoic Acid: Structure, Release Profiles, and Nanoparticles
Abstract
In this paper we discuss the preparation of complexes formed by polyethylenimine (PEI) and retinoic acid. The molecular weights of the PEIs were 600, 2000, 25 000, and 750 000 g/mol. All complexes form smectic A-like structures whose orders decrease with increasing molecular weight. The complexes in the bulk material obey Porod's law. Macroscopically oriented multilayer films of the complexes were prepared in a single-step procedure by spin coating and were characterized by X-ray reflectivity. The release of retinoic acid from the films was investigated by FTIR and surface tension measurements. It was found that the release from the complexes with the high molecular weight PEIs is faster than that from the complexes with low molecular weight. Steric stabilized nanoparticles of the complexes were prepared with sizes ranging from 170 to 580 nm by using Poloxamer 188 as the dispersing agent in aqueous media. Their characterization was carried out using dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the particle sizes decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the PEIs. Further, the particle structure became more compact with the increasing molecular weight of the PEIs. The particles of the complexes with the lowest molecular weight were assumed to be doughnut-shaped (toroids).
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In physical interaction, RA is complexed with positively charged polymers such as chitosan or PEI; the carboxylic acid of RA interacts electrostatically with the amine group located in the polymer, forming a complex that can be stabilized by addition of a polyanion and divalent ions.
“Regarding physical interaction, RA is complexed with positively charged polymers such as chitosan, or PEI43,51. The carboxylic acid of RA interacts electrostatically with the amine group located in the polymer, forming a complex that can be stabilized by addition of a polyanion and divalent ions43,44.”
From Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
RA delivery systems have been prepared by complexation of RA with proteins or cationic polymers, by physical encapsulation in polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, liposomes, or films, by covalent attachment of RA to a carrier, or by immobilization of RA on surfaces of nanoparticles.
“Several strategies have been used to prepare RA delivery systems: namely, by complexation of RA with proteins (e.g., transthyretin)42 or cationic polymers (e.g., poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI))43,44, by physical encapsulation in polymeric25,44 or inorganic45 nanoparticles, microparticles46, micelles47,48, liposomes49, or films43, by covalent attachment of RA to a carrier50, or by immobilization of RA”
From Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Thünemann, A. F., & Beyermann, J.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (DE)
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2000-08-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 6878-6885
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W2062861084
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- polyethyleneimine, retinoic acid, drug-polymer complex, smectic A phase, molecular weight effects, Porod's law, multilayer films, drug release, steric stabilization, nanoparticles, poloxamer 188
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