Cited by 59Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryRNA Interference and Gene DeliveryNanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

FRET Imaging Reveals Different Cellular Entry Routes of Self-Assembled and Disulfide Bonded Polymeric Micelles

Open access
Lee, Seung-Young, Tyler, Jacqueline Y., Kim, Sungwon, Park, Kinam, Cheng, Ji-Xin·2013·Molecular Pharmaceutics

Abstract

Although nanocarriers hold promise for cancer chemotherapy, their intracellular drug delivery pathways are not fully understood. In particular, the influence of nanocarrier stability on cellular uptake is still uncertain. By physically loading hydrophobic FRET probes, we revealed different intracellular drug delivery routes of self-assembled and disulfide bonded micelles. The self-assembled micelles were structurally dissociated by micelle-membrane interactions, and the hydrophobic probes were distributed on the plasma membrane. Alternatively, intact disulfide bonded micelles carrying hydrophobic probes were internalized into cancer cells via multiple endocytic pathways. Following internalization, disulfide bonded micelles were decomposed in early endosomes by glutathione-mediated disulfide bond reduction, exposing the probes to intracellular organelles.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/mp4003333

Cites

75 of 75 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In specific cases, release studies can be carried out without a dialysis membrane, as with polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes and FRET.

    “In specific cases, release studies could be carried out without dialysis membrane; it is the case of polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes and FRET (Foerster resonance energy transfer) use (see specific chapter) [63,91,123,124].”

    From Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions (2021) · cites this paper as [91]

    The Results section (page unavailable) uses FRET imaging to observe probe release from micelles during cellular entry, and the Cellular FRET imaging methods describe an assay without a dialysis membrane. The paper does not describe release studies using polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes. Its membrane dialysis method is for micelle preparation, not the release measurement. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • FRET occurs only if two conditions are respected: partial overlap between the emission spectrum of the donor and the excitation spectrum of the acceptor, and the two dyes must be in close proximity (1-10 nm).

    “FRET occurs only if two conditions are respected.The first one is the partial overlap between the emission spectrum of the donor and the excitation spectrum of the acceptor, to produce enough energy for dipole-dipole coupling.The second one is that the two dyes must be in close proximity (distances in the range between 1-10 nm) [91,229].”

    From Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions (2021) · cites this paper as [91]

    The Results section (‘DS micelles retain payloads during cellular entry’; page unavailable) reports that adjacent DiO and DiI probes recovered FRET efficiency, supporting the close-proximity part. The Experimental section (‘Cellular FRET imaging’; page unavailable) describes excitation and detection wavelengths, but our copy does not state that donor-emission and acceptor-excitation spectra must overlap or specify a 1–10 nm distance. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • FRET-based strategies have been primarily proposed as effective tools for investigating micelles structural characteristics and drug loading (static characterization), in addition to structural stability, environmental responses and drug release kinetics (dynamic characterization).

    “FRETbased strategies have been primary proposed as effective tools for investigating micelles structural characteristics and drug loading (the so-called static characterization), in addition to other properties including their structural stability, environmental responses and drug release kinetics (well-known as dynamic characterization) [91].”

    From Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions (2021) · cites this paper as [91]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [70]Sahay G Alakhova DY Kabanov AV Endocytosis of nanomedicines Journal of Controlled Release 2010 145 182 195 20226220 PMC2902597

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lee, S.-Y., Tyler, J. Y., Kim, S., Park, K., & Cheng, J.-X.
Affiliations
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Corresponding author
  • Park, Kinam
  • Cheng, Ji-Xin
Venue
Molecular Pharmaceutics
Published
2013-08-15
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
3497-3506
ISSN
  • 1543-8384 (ISSN-L)
  • 1543-8392
OpenAlex
W2111990201
Cited by
59
References
75
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA129287)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Keywords
polymeric micelles, disulfide bond stability, FRET probes, cellular uptake, intracellular drug delivery, endocytosis, early endosomes, cancer cells, nanocarriers, self-assembly
MeSH terms
Cell Line, Disulfides, Glutathione, Humans, Micelles, Polymers, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Nanomedicine, MCF-7 Cells

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review