Are Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use Consistent Across Historical Time?: National Data From the High School Classes of 1976 Through 1997

Brown, Tony N.; Schulenberg, John; Bachman, Jerald G.; O'Malley, Patrick M.; Johnston, Lloyd D.

doi:10.1023/a:1010034912070

Cited by 82Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesYouth, Drugs, and ViolenceCrime Patterns and Interventions

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Are Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use Consistent Across Historical Time?: National Data From the High School Classes of 1976 Through 1997

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Brown, Tony N., Schulenberg, John, Bachman, Jerald G., O'Malley, Patrick M., Johnston, Lloyd D.·2001·Prevention Science

DOI 10.1023/a:1010034912070

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Abstract

Researchers have seldom examined whether risk and protective factors are consistently linked to substance use across historical time. Using nationally representative data collected from 22 consecutive cohorts of high school seniors (approximate N = 188,000) from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) project, we investigated whether correlates of substance use changed across historical time. We found a high degree of consistency across historical time in predictors of past month cigarette use, past month alcohol use, past year marijuana use, and past year cocaine use. Some predictors such as religiosity, political beliefs, truancy, and frequent evenings out were consistently linked to substance use. The consistency of other predictors such as region, parental education, and college plans was contingent in part upon historical time period, the particular substance, and its level of use.

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Of the 145 alcohol studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships and only one study found a positive relationship.
“Of the 145 studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships [206–221] and only one study found a positive relationship [222].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [210]
Of the 13 social capital studies with ratings of seven or higher, 10 (77%) found that R/S was related to greater social capital.
“of the 13 studies with ratings of seven or higher, 10 (77%) found that R/S was related to greater social capital [277–280].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [280]
The Risk and Protective Factors section lists religious commitment and social interaction as separate factors examined in relation to substance use. The Description of Measures tables likewise report their associations with substance use, not an association between R/S and social capital. Our copy does not report the 13-study tally or establish that this study found greater social capital among people with higher R/S. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Authors: Brown, T. N., Schulenberg, J., Bachman, J. G., O'Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Brown, Tony N.
ORCID: Brown, Tony N.
Schulenberg, John
Bachman, Jerald G.
Johnston, Lloyd D.
Venue: Prevention Science
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-03
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Pages: 29-43
ISSN: 1389-4986 (ISSN-L)
1573-6695
DOI: 10.1023/a:1010034912070
OpenAlex: W1510128572
Cited by: 82
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Prevention Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-01411, R01DA001411)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: substance use, risk factors, protective factors, temporal coherence, high school seniors, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, cocaine use, religiosity, political beliefs, truancy, college plans, parental education, Monitoring the Future
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders

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Are Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use Consistent Across Historical Time?: National Data From the High School Classes of 1976 Through 1997

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