The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
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Average word length is known to be associated with higher cognitive complexity, education, and social class.
“Average word length is known to be associated with higher cognitive (Khawaja, Chen, & Marcus, 2010), conceptual complexity (Lewis & Frank, 2016), education, and social class (Hartley, Pennebaker, & Fox, 2003; Tausczik & Pennebaker, 2010).”
From World Trade Center responders in their own words: predicting PTSD symptom trajectories with AI-based language analyses of interviews (2023) · cites this paper as Hartley, Pennebaker, & Fox, 2003
Citations
Cites
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hartley, J., Pennebaker, J. W., & Fox, C.
- Affiliations
- Keele University (GB)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hartley, James
- Venue
- Scientometrics
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 389-398
- ISSN
- 0138-9130 (ISSN-L)
- 1588-2861
- OpenAlex
- W1908708416
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientometrics (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Text Readability and Simplification
- Keywords
- academic writing style, readability, abstracts, introduction, discussion section, sentence length, vocabulary difficulty, stylistic consistency
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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