Clay catalysis of oligonucleotide formation: kinetics of the reaction of the 5′-phosphorimidazolides of nucleotides with the non-basic heterocycles uracil and hypoxanthine
Open accessAbstract
The montmorillonite clay catalyzed condensation of activated monocleotides to oligomers of RNA is a possible first step in the formation of the proposed RNA world. The rate constants for the condensation of the phosphorimidazolide of adenosine were measured previously and these studies have been extended to the phosphorimidazolides of inosine and uridine in the present work to determine of substitution of neutral heterocycles for the basic adenine ring changes the reaction rate or regioselectivity. The oligomerization reactions of the 5'-phosphoromidazolides of uridine (ImpU) and inosine (ImpI) on montmorillonite yield oligo(U)s and oligo(I)s as long as heptamers. The rate constants for oligonucleotide formation were determined by measuring the rates of formation of the oligomers by HPLC. Both the apparent rate constants in the reaction mixture and the rate constants on the clay surface were calculated using the partition coefficients of the oligomers between the aqueous and clay phases. The rate constants for trimer formation are much greater than those dimer synthesis but there was little difference in the rate constants for the formation of trimers and higher oligomers. The overall rates of oligomerization of the phosphorimidazolides of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides in the presence of montmorillonite clay are the same suggesting that RNA formed on the primitive Earth could have contained a variety of heterocyclic bases. The rate constants for oligomerization of pyrimidine nucleotides on the clay surface are significantly higher than those of purine nucleotides since the pyrimidine nucleotides bind less strongly to the clay than do the purine nucleotides. The differences in the binding is probably due to Van der Waals interactions between the purine bases and the clay surface. Differences in the basicity of the heterocyclic ring in the nucleotide have little effect on the oligomerization process.
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The rate at which different monomers are polymerized can vary by an order of magnitude.
“Second, the rate at which different monomers are polymerized can vary by an order of magnitude (6,17–20).”
From Prebiotically plausible mechanisms increase compositional diversity of nucleic acid sequences (2012) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Kawamura, K., & Ferris, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Osaka Prefecture University (JP)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Kawamura, Kunio
- Venue
- Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 563-591
- ISSN
- 0169-6149 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0875
- OpenAlex
- W1552616832
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- clay catalysis, montmorillonite, RNA world, uracil, hypoxanthine, oligomerization kinetics, pyrimidine nucleotides, purine nucleotides, RNA primers
- MeSH terms
- Clay, Aluminum Silicates, Catalysis, Imidazoles, Kinetics, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, Organophosphates, Uracil, Hypoxanthine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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