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The Smarter Sex: A Critical Review of Sex Differences in Intelligence
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“This perspective is not supported by research: today, most experts agree that gender differences in overall intelligence do not exist (Halpern and LaMay, 2000).”
From Gender and Education (2015) · cites this paper as Halpern and LaMay, 2000
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Metadata
- Authors
- Halpern, D. F., & LaMay, M. L.
- Affiliations
- California State University, San Bernardino (US)
- Loma Linda University (US)
- ORCID
- Halpern, Diane F.
- Venue
- Educational Psychology Review
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 229-246
- ISSN
- 1040-726X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-336X
- OpenAlex
- W1543887101
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Educational Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- sex differences in intelligence, general intelligence, cognitive ability, working memory, visual imagery, verbal ability, mathematics achievement, intellectual disability, nature versus nurture, cross-cultural comparison, lifespan development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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