Are Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use Consistent Across Historical Time?: National Data From the High School Classes of 1976 Through 1997
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Researchers have seldom examined whether risk and protective factors are consistently linked to substance use across historical time. Using nationally representative data collected from 22 consecutive cohorts of high school seniors (approximate N = 188,000) from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) project, we investigated whether correlates of substance use changed across historical time. We found a high degree of consistency across historical time in predictors of past month cigarette use, past month alcohol use, past year marijuana use, and past year cocaine use. Some predictors such as religiosity, political beliefs, truancy, and frequent evenings out were consistently linked to substance use. The consistency of other predictors such as region, parental education, and college plans was contingent in part upon historical time period, the particular substance, and its level of use.
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Of the 145 alcohol studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships and only one study found a positive relationship.
“Of the 145 studies with the best methodology, 131 (90%) reported inverse relationships [206–221] and only one study found a positive relationship [222].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [210]
Of the 13 social capital studies with ratings of seven or higher, 10 (77%) found that R/S was related to greater social capital.
“of the 13 studies with ratings of seven or higher, 10 (77%) found that R/S was related to greater social capital [277–280].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [280]
The Risk and Protective Factors section lists religious commitment and social interaction as separate factors examined in relation to substance use. The Description of Measures tables likewise report their associations with substance use, not an association between R/S and social capital. Our copy does not report the 13-study tally or establish that this study found greater social capital among people with higher R/S. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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De daling in jeugddelinquentie: minder risico, meer bescherming?
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Self-citationThe Market Inscribed Landscape: An Institutional Logic of Food Deserts
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Changing patterns of cigarette use among white and black youth, US 1976–2003
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Motivation in Chronic Cannabis Use
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Study of Cocaine Abuse in Hong Kong
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Forging a Relationship between Drug Abuse Epidemiology and Drug Abuse Prevention
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Predictors of physical activity and substance use in U.S. adolescents
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Socioeconomic Differences in Tobacco Use among Ghanaian and Finnish Adolescents
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- Authors
- Brown, T. N., Schulenberg, J., Bachman, J. G., O'Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Tony N.
- Venue
- Prevention Science
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-43
- ISSN
- 1389-4986 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6695
- OpenAlex
- W1510128572
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Prevention Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-01411, R01DA001411)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- substance use, risk factors, protective factors, temporal coherence, high school seniors, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, cocaine use, religiosity, political beliefs, truancy, college plans, parental education, Monitoring the Future
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders
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